双锥对撞点火机制2020年冬季实验中的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性分析

方可; 张喆; 李玉同; 张杰

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211172

摘要

直接驱动激光聚变通过整形后的纳秒脉冲激光辐照氘氚(DT)球壳靶, 经球对称压缩加速后, 在中心转滞获得高温等离子体热斑, 实现聚变点火. 在球壳靶受到压缩和加速过程中等离子体界面的流体力学不稳定性, 特别是瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的增长有可能会对压缩壳层造成破坏, 导致点火的失败. 本文通过理论解析和数值模拟, 对基于Zhang等提出的双锥对撞点火方案(2020 Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 378 20200015)在2020年冬季实验条件下的流体力学不稳定性增长进行了分析. 结果显示理论模型与一维数值模拟中对整体压缩和加速过程的描述基本一致, 在当前的近等熵波形下金锥中的壳层靶实现了低熵压缩, 同时瑞利-泰勒不稳定性增长导致的最危险时刻扰动振幅和壳层厚度比可以达到约0.25, 壳层依然处于安全状态, 但当初始壳层表面扰动均方根振幅大于22 nm时, 则可能出现壳层的破裂. 因此, 未来实验中的靶设计与驱动激光脉冲波形设计中可以通过增加靶壳层厚度、提高预脉冲强度、减小靶表面的粗糙度和提高激光辐照的匀滑度等方式来抑制不稳定性增长.

关键词:

激光聚变 /
内爆对称性和流体力学不稳定性

Abstract

In laser direct-driven fusion, high power lasers are used to ablate the target shell, compress and heat the fuel with the spherical focusing rocket effect, to approach to the fusion ignition conditions. The shaped nanosecond laser pulses compress and accelerate the DT target symmetrically, and forms a high density plasma hot-spot at stagnation. The hydrodynamic instabilities, especially the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which happens at the interface of plasmas, may destroy the compressed shells, and thus reduce the temperature and density of the hot-spot. In this paper is analyzed theoretically the hydrodynamic instability growth under the conditions in the 2020 winter experiment of the double-cone ignition scheme proposed by Zhang et al. (2020 Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 378 20200015). Both analytical model and one-dimensional simulations indicate that the fuel shells are compressed with low adiabat under the current quasi-isentropic waveform. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability remains in safe region with a maximum perturbation amplitude reaching 0.25 of the shell thickness at the most peak grown moment. The growth of the hydrodynamic instabilities can be further reduced by increasing the thickness of the shell, through using high foot pre-pulses and improving the uniformity of the target surface and laser irradiation in the future design.

Keywords:

laser fusion /
implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instability

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京　100190

2.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京　100049

3.
松山湖材料实验室, 东莞　523808

4.
上海交通大学IFSA协同创新中心, 上海　200240

5.
上海交通大学物理与天文学院, 上海　200240

通信作者: 张喆, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn ; 张杰, jzhang@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(批准号: XDA25010100, XDA25010300, XDA25030100)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: U1930107, 11827807)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China

4.
Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

5.
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Zhe, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn ; Zhang Jie, jzhang@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant Nos. XDA25010100, XDA25010300, XDA25030100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1930107, 11827807)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Nuckolls J, Wood L, Thiessen A, Zimmerman G 1972 Nature 239 139 Google Scholar
[2]	McCrory R L, Regan S P, Loucks S J, et al. 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 S283 Google Scholar
[3]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, et al. 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339 Google Scholar
[4]	Tabak M, Hammer J, Glinsky M E, et al. 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626 Google Scholar
[5]	Betti R, Hurricane O A 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 435 Google Scholar
[6]	Gopalaswamy V, Betti R, Knauer J P, et al. 2019 Nature 565 581 Google Scholar
[7]	Azechi H, Mima K, Shiraga S, et al. 2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 104021 Google Scholar
[8]	Goncharov V N 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2091 Google Scholar
[9]	Peterson J L, Clark D S, Masse L P, Suter L J 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 092710 Google Scholar
[10]	Takabe H, Mima K, Montierth L, Morse R L 1985 Phys. Fluids 28 3676 Google Scholar
[11]	Betti R, Goncharov V N, McCrory R L, Verdon C P 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1446 Google Scholar
[12]	叶文华, 张维岩, 贺贤土 2000 49 762 Google Scholar Ye W H, Zhang W Y, He X T 2000 Acta Phys. Sin. 49 762 Google Scholar
[13]	Smalyuk V A, Weber C R, Landen O L, et al. 2020 Plasma Phys. Contr. F. 62 014007 Google Scholar
[14]	Marinak M M, Kerbel G D, Gentile N A, Jones O, Munro D, Pollaine S, Dittrich T R, Haan S W 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 2275 Google Scholar
[15]	Smalyuk V A, Casey D T, Clark D S, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 185003 Google Scholar
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[19]	Zhang J, Wang W M, Yang X H, Wu D, Ma Y Y, Jiao J L, Zhang Z, Wu F Y, Yuan X H, Li Y T, Zhu J Q 2020 Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 378 20200015 Google Scholar
[20]	Azechi H, Sakaiya T, Watari T, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 235002 Google Scholar
[21]	Ramis R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2016 Comput. Phys. Commun. 203 226 Google Scholar
[22]	Betti R, Chang P Y, Spears B K, Anderson K S, Edwards J, Fatenejad M, Lindl J D, McCrory R L, Nora R, Shvarts D 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 058102 Google Scholar
[23]	Mora P 1982 Phys. Fluids 25 1051 Google Scholar
[24]	Caruso A, Gratton R 1968 Plasma Phys. 10 867 Google Scholar
[25]	Miller J E, Boehly T R, Melchior A, et al. 2007 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 034903 Google Scholar
[26]	Robey H F, MacGowan B J, Landen O L, et al. 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 052707 Google Scholar
[27]	穆宝忠, 吴雯靓, 伊圣振, 王新, 蒋励, 朱京涛, 王占山, 方智恒, 王伟, 傅思祖 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 903 Google Scholar Mu BZ, Wu W L, Yi S Z, Wang X, Jiang L, Zhu J T, Wang Z S, Fang Z H, Wang W, Fu S Z 2013 Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 903 Google Scholar
[28]	Marshall F J, Oertel J A 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 735 Google Scholar
[29]	Craxton R S, Anderson K S, Boehly T R, et al. 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 110501 Google Scholar
[30]	吴俊峰, 叶文华, 张维岩, 贺贤土 2003 52 1688 Google Scholar Wu J F, Ye W H, Zhang W Y, He X T 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1688 Google Scholar
[31]	Haan S W 1989 Phys. Rev. A Gen. Phys. 39 5812 Google Scholar
[32]	Hu S X, Fiksel G, Goncharov V N, Skupsky S, Meyerhofer D D, Smalyuk V A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 195003 Google Scholar
[33]	杨冬, 李志超, 李三伟, 等 2018 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 48 065203 Google Scholar Yang D, Li Z C, Li S W, et al. 2018 Sci. Sin-Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 065203 Google Scholar
[34]	余诗瀚, 李晓峰, 翁苏明, 赵耀, 马行行, 陈民, 盛政明 2021 强激光与粒子束 33 012006 Google Scholar Yu S H, Li X F Feng S M, Zhao Y, Ma X X, Chen M, Sheng Z M 2021 Power Laser and Particle Beams 33 012006 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 理论模型中的双锥靶和近等熵激光波形　(a) 双锥靶示意图; (b) 近等熵激光波形

Fig. 1. Double cone targets and quasi-isentropic waveform in the theoretical model: (a) Diagram of the double targets; (b) quasi-isentropic waveform.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 简化理论模型示意图

Fig. 2. Sketch of the simplified theoretical model.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 冲击波压缩阶段不同时刻空间密度分布　(a) 1.0 ns时刻空间密度分布; (b) 2.06 ns时刻空间密度分布; (c) 2.5 ns时刻空间密度分布; (d) 2.9 ns时刻空间密度分布

Fig. 3. Density profile at different time in shock wave compress stage: (a) Density profile at 1.0 ns; (b) density profile at 2.06 ns; (c) density profile at 2.5 ns; (d) density profile at 2.9 ns.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 壳层飞行轨迹和加速过程壳层厚度　(a) 壳层内外表面飞行轨迹; (b) 加速过程壳层厚度变化

Fig. 4. Trajectories of the shell and shell thickness during the acceleration-phase: (a) Trajectories of inside and outside surface of the shell; (b) variation of the shell thickness during the acceleration-phase.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 冬季实验对撞等离子体自发光信号强度变化

Fig. 5. Temporal evolution of self-emission signal of colliding plasma.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 壳层外表面最小密度梯度标长L_min

Fig. 6. The minimum density-gradient scale length on the outside surface of the shell.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 壳层外表面最终扰动振幅

Fig. 7. Final perturbation amplitudes of the outside surface of the shell.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同时刻壳层厚度和外表面扰动振幅的演化

Fig. 8. Evolution of the thickness of the shell and perturbation amplitudes of the outside surface in different times.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 实验、理论和一维模拟中对撞等离子体自发光信号时间对比

Table 1. Temporal comparison of self-emission signal of colliding plasma in experiment, theoretical model and 1D simulation.

Time/ns
对撞信号开始时刻对撞信号结束时刻总持续时间

实验 1.0 1.8 0.8
理论模型 0.9 1.75 0.85
一维模拟 1.1 1.83 0.73

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Nuckolls J, Wood L, Thiessen A, Zimmerman G 1972 Nature 239 139 Google Scholar
[2]	McCrory R L, Regan S P, Loucks S J, et al. 2005 Nucl. Fusion 45 S283 Google Scholar
[3]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, et al. 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339 Google Scholar
[4]	Tabak M, Hammer J, Glinsky M E, et al. 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626 Google Scholar
[5]	Betti R, Hurricane O A 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 435 Google Scholar
[6]	Gopalaswamy V, Betti R, Knauer J P, et al. 2019 Nature 565 581 Google Scholar
[7]	Azechi H, Mima K, Shiraga S, et al. 2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 104021 Google Scholar
[8]	Goncharov V N 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2091 Google Scholar
[9]	Peterson J L, Clark D S, Masse L P, Suter L J 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 092710 Google Scholar
[10]	Takabe H, Mima K, Montierth L, Morse R L 1985 Phys. Fluids 28 3676 Google Scholar
[11]	Betti R, Goncharov V N, McCrory R L, Verdon C P 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1446 Google Scholar
[12]	叶文华, 张维岩, 贺贤土 2000 49 762 Google Scholar Ye W H, Zhang W Y, He X T 2000 Acta Phys. Sin. 49 762 Google Scholar
[13]	Smalyuk V A, Weber C R, Landen O L, et al. 2020 Plasma Phys. Contr. F. 62 014007 Google Scholar
[14]	Marinak M M, Kerbel G D, Gentile N A, Jones O, Munro D, Pollaine S, Dittrich T R, Haan S W 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 2275 Google Scholar
[15]	Smalyuk V A, Casey D T, Clark D S, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 185003 Google Scholar
[16]	缪文勇, 袁永腾, 丁永坤, 叶文华, 曹柱荣, 胡昕, 邓博, 吴俊峰, 张文海 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 032016 Google Scholar Miao W Y, Yuan R T, Ding Y K, Ye W H, Cao Z R, Hu X, Deng B, Wu J F, Zhang W H 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 032016 Google Scholar
[17]	Wang L F, Wu J F, Ye W H, Dong J Q, Fang Z H, Jia G, Xie Z Y, Huang X G, Fu S Z, Zou S Y, Ding Y K, Zhang W Y, He X T 2020 Phys. Plasmas 27 072703 Google Scholar
[18]	阿蔡塞等著 (沈百飞译) 2008 惯性聚变物理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第42, 175−176, 193−195, 212−213, 224−227页 Atzeni S, Meyer-Ter-Vehn J (translated by Shen B F) 2008 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (Beijing: Science Press) pp42, 175−176, 193−195, 212−213, 224−227 (in Chinese)
[19]	Zhang J, Wang W M, Yang X H, Wu D, Ma Y Y, Jiao J L, Zhang Z, Wu F Y, Yuan X H, Li Y T, Zhu J Q 2020 Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 378 20200015 Google Scholar
[20]	Azechi H, Sakaiya T, Watari T, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 235002 Google Scholar
[21]	Ramis R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2016 Comput. Phys. Commun. 203 226 Google Scholar
[22]	Betti R, Chang P Y, Spears B K, Anderson K S, Edwards J, Fatenejad M, Lindl J D, McCrory R L, Nora R, Shvarts D 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 058102 Google Scholar
[23]	Mora P 1982 Phys. Fluids 25 1051 Google Scholar
[24]	Caruso A, Gratton R 1968 Plasma Phys. 10 867 Google Scholar
[25]	Miller J E, Boehly T R, Melchior A, et al. 2007 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 034903 Google Scholar
[26]	Robey H F, MacGowan B J, Landen O L, et al. 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 052707 Google Scholar
[27]	穆宝忠, 吴雯靓, 伊圣振, 王新, 蒋励, 朱京涛, 王占山, 方智恒, 王伟, 傅思祖 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 903 Google Scholar Mu BZ, Wu W L, Yi S Z, Wang X, Jiang L, Zhu J T, Wang Z S, Fang Z H, Wang W, Fu S Z 2013 Power Laser and Particle Beams 25 903 Google Scholar
[28]	Marshall F J, Oertel J A 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 735 Google Scholar
[29]	Craxton R S, Anderson K S, Boehly T R, et al. 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 110501 Google Scholar
[30]	吴俊峰, 叶文华, 张维岩, 贺贤土 2003 52 1688 Google Scholar Wu J F, Ye W H, Zhang W Y, He X T 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1688 Google Scholar
[31]	Haan S W 1989 Phys. Rev. A Gen. Phys. 39 5812 Google Scholar
[32]	Hu S X, Fiksel G, Goncharov V N, Skupsky S, Meyerhofer D D, Smalyuk V A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 195003 Google Scholar
[33]	杨冬, 李志超, 李三伟, 等 2018 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 48 065203 Google Scholar Yang D, Li Z C, Li S W, et al. 2018 Sci. Sin-Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 065203 Google Scholar
[34]	余诗瀚, 李晓峰, 翁苏明, 赵耀, 马行行, 陈民, 盛政明 2021 强激光与粒子束 33 012006 Google Scholar Yu S H, Li X F Feng S M, Zhao Y, Ma X X, Chen M, Sheng Z M 2021 Power Laser and Particle Beams 33 012006 Google Scholar

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双锥对撞点火机制2020年冬季实验中的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性分析