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多注相对论速调管放大器向工程化和实用化方向发展, 需要进一步提高其工作重频和使用寿命. 针对高功率多注相对论速调管放大器在输出腔间隙电子束换能后, 会出现电子返流轰击输出腔表面, 以及输出腔间隙电场过高产生射频击穿导致输出腔表面出现烧蚀的问题, 本文分析了强流相对论电子束在器件中的返流过程, 在此基础上设计了四间隙扩展互作用提取结构以避免电子返流和降低间隙电场, 并提高器件工作寿命. 同时针对高工作频段高过模器件中常规水冷却通道会影响输出微波模式的问题, 设计了同轴TEM模-扇形TE10模-同轴TEM模-圆波导TM01模的模式变换结构, 模式转换效率大于99.9%, 避免了收集极水冷却通道对输出微波模式的影响, 以提高器件工作重频. 在重频45 Hz工作条件下, 实验实现X波段长脉冲GW级高功率微波稳定输出, 器件累计运行约10000次, 输出微波参数无明显下降.The relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) is a very important kind of high power microwave device, which has the advantages of high power, high efficiency, stable output phase and amplitude. The development of multi-injection RKA toward engineering and practical application needs to further improve operating frequency and output power of klystron amplifier, while the RKA of conventional circular waveguide drift tubes is restricted by the physical factors such as geometric size, space charge force and high-voltage breakdown. The multi-beam RKA based on the technology of multiple electron beams can work at low voltage and guiding magnetic field, and can also possess high electron beam current and diversion coefficient. The physical limitation of conventional structure RKA is overcome, and the working frequency and the output power are improved. In the experiment, the X-band GW level power of microwave is obtained. The multi-beam RKA needs to further improve its working frequency and working life. In the experiment, the power conversion efficiency of multi-beam RKA is about 35%, and most of the remaining electron energy will accumulate on the collection pole at the end. If the heat dissipation of the collector is not designed appropriately, the collection will be seriously ablated when working at high heavy frequency. Thus a large quantity of plasma and secondary electrons are generated, which affects the stability of the device. To solve the problem of electron reflux bombarding the output cavity after electron beam exchanging energy in the gap of output cavity, the reflux process of relativistic electron beam in the device is analyzed in this paper. On this basis, a coaxial extraction structure with four-gap extension interaction is designed to avoid electron reflux and reduce the gap electric field, thus improving the working life of the device. At the same time, in order to solve the problem that the conventional water cooling channel can affect the output microwave mode in a high-frequency over-mode device, a mode transformation structure of coaxial TEM mode-fan-shaped TE10 mode-coaxial TEM mode-circular waveguide TM01 mode is designed. The mode conversion efficiency is greater than 99.9%, and the influence of collecting polar water cooling channel on the output microwave mode is avoided. The stable operation of multi-beam RKA in the X-band with a repetition rate of 45 Hz is realized experimentally, while the output power is over 1 GW and the microwave pulse width is over 100 ns. At present, the multi-beam RKA runs about 10000 times in total, and the output microwave parameters do not decrease significantly.
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Keywords:
- relativistic klystron amplifier /
- X-band /
- long pulse /
- high repetition rate
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图 2 强流电子束在同轴结构中传输
Fig. 2. Intense electron beam is transmitted in the coaxial structure.
图 3 直流电子束在器件中传输时Ep/E0的变化
Fig. 3. Changes of Ep/E0 when the electron beam is transmitted in the device.
图 4 输出微波与间隙电场分布 (a)输出微波波形; (b)输出腔电场分布
Fig. 4. Distribution of output microwave and gap electric field: (a) Output microwave waveform; (b) electric field distribution of the output cavity.
图 5 改进设计前后电子束相空间图 (a)改进设计前; (b)改进设计后
Fig. 5. Electron beam phase space diagram: (a) Before the improved design; (b) improved design.
图 6 改进设计前后电子束电流随轴向传输距离的变化 (a)改进设计前; (b)改进设计后
Fig. 6. Changes of electron beam current with axial transmission distance: (a) Before the improved design; (b) improved design.
图 7 模式变换结构的电场分布 (a)纵向剖面; (b)横向剖面
Fig. 7. Electric field distribution of the mode transform structure: (a) Lengthwise section; (b) transverse section.
图 10 重频45 Hz微波序列与重叠波形 (a) 序列波形; (b) 重叠波形
Fig. 10. Microwave sequence and overlapped waveform at 45 Hz: (a) Sequence waveform; (b) overlapping waveform.
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[1] Jerrold S L, Bruce D H 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 2133
Google Scholar
[2] 黄华, 吴洋, 刘振帮, 袁欢, 何琥, 李乐乐, 李正红, 金晓, 马弘舸 2018 67 088402
Google Scholar
Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402
Google Scholar
[3] Thomas H, Adam B, Rasheda B, Heinz B, Mark C, Edward E, Deepika G, Armand S, Brad S, Lou Z 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 1264
Google Scholar
[4] Ding Y G, Shen B, Cao J, Zhang Y Q, Ruan C J, Gu H H, Zhang D, Wang C Y, Cao M 2009 IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 56 870
Google Scholar
[5] 吴洋, 许州, 周霖, 李文君, 唐传祥 2012 61 224101
Google Scholar
Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhou L, Li W J, Tang C X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 224101
Google Scholar
[6] Li R J, Ruan C J, Zhang H F 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 033107
Google Scholar
[7] 魏元璋, 李士锋, 王战亮, 黄华, 刘振帮, 何琥, 宫玉彬 2018 强激光与粒子束 30 063007
Google Scholar
Wei Y Z, Li S F, Wang Z L, Huang H, Liu Z B, He H, Gong Y B 2018 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 30 063007
Google Scholar
[8] 张长青, 阮存军, 王树忠, 杨修东 2015 红外与毫米波学报 34 307
Google Scholar
Zhang C Q, Ruan C J, Wang S Z, Yang X D 2015 J. Infrared Millmeter Waves 34 307
Google Scholar
[9] Friedman M, Pasour J, Smithe D 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 3724
Google Scholar
[10] Edward B A, Andrew N D, Mikhail I F, Nikolay G K, Nikolay F K, Mikhail I P, Alexander V S, Edl S, Eugeny I S, Vladimir V Y 2002 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 30 1041
Google Scholar
[11] Zhang W, Ju J C, Zhang J, Zhou Y X, Zhong H H 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 053102
Google Scholar
[12] Qi Z M, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhong H H, Xu L R, Yang L 2016 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 37 782
Google Scholar
[13] 刘振帮, 金晓, 黄华, 陈怀璧 2012 61 128401
Google Scholar
Liu Z B, Jin X, Huang H, Chen H B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 128401
Google Scholar
[14] 刘振帮, 黄华, 金晓, 袁欢, 戈弋, 何琥, 雷禄容 2015 64 018401
Google Scholar
Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Yuan H, Ge Y, He H, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 018401
Google Scholar
[15] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R, Zhu L, Li L L, Li S F, Yan W K, He H 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 093110
Google Scholar
[16] 王淦平, 金晓, 黄华, 刘振帮 2017 66 044102
Google Scholar
Wang G P, Jin X, Huang H, Liu Z B 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 044102
Google Scholar
[17] Carlsten B E, Faehl R J, Fazio M V, Haynes W B, Stringfield R M 1994 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 22 719
Google Scholar
[18] 彭国良, 梁玉钦 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 053003
Google Scholar
Peng G L, Liang Y Q 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 053003
Google Scholar
[19] 薛明, 丁耀根, 王勇 2018 真空电子技术 8 43
Google Scholar
Xue M, Ding Y G, Wang R 2018 Vaccum Electron. 8 43
Google Scholar
[20] 戴宏毅, 肖亚斌, 王同权, 张树发 2001 湖南大学学报 28 6
Dai H Y, Xiao Y B, Wang T Q, Zhang S F 2001 J. Hunan Univ. 28 6
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