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综述了中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所锁频锁相的高功率微波器件最新研究成果，主要包括稳频稳相的相对论速调管放大器和注入锁相的相对论返波管振荡器.针对高功率长脉冲相对论速调管研究中遇到的问题，介绍了该放大器的束波互作用特点、杂频振荡抑制、脉冲缩短、高频段高功率运行、高增益等物理、设计与实验中的关键技术研究概况，使其功率、相位稳定性、增益等性能有了显著提高，S波段环形单注相对论速调管实现了高功率稳相输出，重频25 Hz运行时输出功率大于1 GW，脉宽大于150 ns、相位波动18，高增益运行时在注入微波功率数kW条件下也实现类似功率和相位水平；采用同轴多注器件结构，突破了速调管高频段运行条件下高效率电子束引入和高功率束波转换技术等难题，使X波段相对论速调管在注入功率30 kW条件下实现了功率大于1 GW的放大输出，效率为34%，相位波动为15.在掌握相对论返波管技术的基础上，利用返波管的高效率和结构紧凑的优点，开展了注入调制电子束锁相的相对论返波管研究，采用百kW级的种子微波实现了对GW量级输出微波的相位锁定.该研究结果对功率合成、粒子加速和多功能雷达等技术具有重要的推动作用.There are many kinds of high power microwave devices.According to the phase and frequency characteristics of the output microwave,they can be divided into the phase and frequency locking high power microwave (HPM) devices and HPM oscillator.Among them,the frequency and phase of HPM devices with locked frequency and phase can be adjusted by the injecting microwave,which has achieved great progress of the HPM research.In this paper,the latest progress of HPM devices with locked frequency and phase which have been developed by the Institute of Applied Electronics,China Academy of Engineering Physics in recent years are reviewed,covering relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) and relativistic backward-wave oscillator (RBWO) with injection-locked.Aiming at the problems encountered in the research of high power and long pulse RKA,in this paper we briefly introduce the key technologies in design and experiment,including the beam-wave interaction merits,the suppression of multi-frequency oscillation,pulse shortening, high frequency and high power operation,high gain,etc.The performances of RKA,such as power,phase stability and gain,have been improved remarkably.High-power output with stable frequency and phase has been realized by single-annular beam RKA in S-band,whose output power reaches more than 1 GW with a pulse width of 165 ns and phase fluctuation of 18 at a repetitive pulse of 25 Hz/1 s.The high gain RKA also achieves a similar output power and phase stability under the condition of injected microwave power of several kW.In X-band RKA,a structure of coaxial multi-beam has been used to break through the limitations of high frequency and high power capacity,which generates more than 1 GW output power with an input power of 30 kW,the beam-wave conversion efficiency is 34% and the phase fluctuation is 15 with a pulse width of 140 ns.On the basis of an in-depth understanding of RBWO technology, and using the advantages of high efficiency and compact structure,the RBWO research of injection modulated electron beam is proposed and carried out.More than 1 GW output microwave with locked phase is realized by 100 kW seed microwave.These results not only extend scientific and technological research of a large family of HPM devices,but also make it possible for HPM devices to be used in power synthesis,particle acceleration,high-performance radar,etc.
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Keywords:
- high power microwave /
- locked frequency and phase /
- relativistic klystron amplifier /
- relativistic back-wave oscillator
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[2] Zhou C M, Liu G Z, Liu Y G, Li J Y, Ding W 2007 High-Power Microwave Source (Beijing:Publish House of Atomic Energy (in Chinese)[周传明, 刘国治, 刘永贵, 李家胤, 丁武 2007 高功率微波源(北京:原子能出版社)]
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[5] Wang P S, Lei F Y, Huang H, Gan Y Q, Wang W D, Gu B L 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4594
[6] Huang H, Feng D C, Luo G Y, Lei L R, Jin X, Meng F B 2007 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 384
[7] Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Jin X 2010 Acta Elctron. Sin. 38 1473 (in Chinese)[黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 金晓 2010 电子学报 38 1473]
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[11] Chen Z F, Huang H, Chang A B, Xu Z, He H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 238402 (in Chinese)[陈昭福, 黄华, 常安碧, 许州, 何琥 2014 63 238402]
[12] Huang H, Chen Z F, He H 2014 The 19th Conferenceson Vacumm Elelctroics of China Huangshan, China, Agust 23-25, 2014 (in Chinese)[黄华, 陈昭福, 何琥 2014 中国电子学会真空电子学分会第19届学术年会论文集 中国黄山, 8月2325日, 2014]
[13] Huang H, Chen Z F, Xu Z 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science Turkey, May 22-25, 2015
[14] Huang H, Yuan H, He H 2016 The 20th Conferenceson Vacumm Elelctroics of China Xiamen, China, Agust 23-25, 2016 (in Chinese)[黄华, 袁欢, 何琥 2016 中国电子学会真空电子学分会第20届学术年会 中国厦门, 8月2325, 2016]
[15] Yuan H, Huang H, Liu Z B, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 Acta Electron. Sin. 45 1957 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 黄华, 刘振帮, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 电子学报 45 1957]
[16] Yuan H, Huang H, He H, Ge Y, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 High Power Laser And Particle Beams 29 113001 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 黄华, 何琥, 戈弋, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 强激光与粒子束 29 113001]
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[19] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Yuan H, Ge Y, He H, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 018401 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 黄华, 金晓, 袁欢, 戈弋, 何琥, 雷禄容 2015 64 018401]
[20] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R, Zhu L, Li L L 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 093110
[21] Li L L, Huang H, Liu Z B, Wang G P, Yuan H 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 123003 (in Chinese)[李乐乐, 黄华, 刘振帮, 王淦平, 袁欢 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 123003]
[22] Wang G P, Jin X, Huang H, Liu Z B 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 044102 (in Chinese)[王淦平, 金晓, 黄华, 刘振帮 2017 66 044102]
[23] Yuan H, Liu Z B, Huang H, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 123003 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 刘振帮, 黄华, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 强激光与粒子束 28 123003]
[24] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xie H Q 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 113107
[25] Wu Y, Xu Z, Xie H Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 084102 (in Chinese)[吴洋, 许州, 谢鸿全 2015 64 084102]
[26] Song W, Liu G Z, Lin Y Z, Shao H 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 1322 (in Chinese)[宋玮, 刘国治, 林郁正, 邵浩 2008 强激光与粒子 20 1322]
[27] Zhang Z H, Shu T, Zhang J, Liu J, Bai X C 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22 614 (in Chinese)[张泽海, 舒挺, 张军, 刘静, 白现臣 2010 强激光与粒子束 22 614]
[28] Dang F, Zhang X, Zhong H H, Zhang J, Ju J C 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 073113
[29] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Sun J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 101502
[30] Ju J C, Zhang J, Shu T, Zhong H H 2017 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 38 270
[31] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xu Z 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 083103
[32] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xu Z 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 113102
[33] Wu Y, Chen Y D, Zhao D 2016 Chin. Phys. C 40 067002
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[1] Barker R J, Schamiloglu E 2001 High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologie (New York:IEEE) Chapter 2
[2] Zhou C M, Liu G Z, Liu Y G, Li J Y, Ding W 2007 High-Power Microwave Source (Beijing:Publish House of Atomic Energy (in Chinese)[周传明, 刘国治, 刘永贵, 李家胤, 丁武 2007 高功率微波源(北京:原子能出版社)]
[3] Gold S H, Nusinovich G S 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 3945
[4] Huang H, Wang P S, Gan Y Q, Chen H B, Wang W D, Lei F Y 1997 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 9 573 (in Chinese)[黄华, 王平山, 甘延青, 陈洪斌, 王文斗, 雷方燕 1997 强激光与粒子束 9 573]
[5] Wang P S, Lei F Y, Huang H, Gan Y Q, Wang W D, Gu B L 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4594
[6] Huang H, Feng D C, Luo G Y, Lei L R, Jin X, Meng F B 2007 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 384
[7] Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Jin X 2010 Acta Elctron. Sin. 38 1473 (in Chinese)[黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 金晓 2010 电子学报 38 1473]
[8] Huang H, Guo Y H, Jin X, He H, Lei L R, Luo X, Chang A B, Li Z H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 035201 (in Chinese)[黄华, 郭焱华, 金晓, 何琥, 雷禄容, 罗雄, 常安碧, 李正红 2011 60 035201]
[9] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Chen H B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 128402 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 黄华, 金晓, 陈怀壁 2011 60 128402]
[10] WuY, Xu Z, Xu Y, Jin X, Chang A B, Li Z H, Huang H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 044102 (in Chinese)[吴洋, 许州, 徐勇, 金晓, 常安碧, 李正红, 黄华 2011 60 044102]
[11] Chen Z F, Huang H, Chang A B, Xu Z, He H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 238402 (in Chinese)[陈昭福, 黄华, 常安碧, 许州, 何琥 2014 63 238402]
[12] Huang H, Chen Z F, He H 2014 The 19th Conferenceson Vacumm Elelctroics of China Huangshan, China, Agust 23-25, 2014 (in Chinese)[黄华, 陈昭福, 何琥 2014 中国电子学会真空电子学分会第19届学术年会论文集 中国黄山, 8月2325日, 2014]
[13] Huang H, Chen Z F, Xu Z 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science Turkey, May 22-25, 2015
[14] Huang H, Yuan H, He H 2016 The 20th Conferenceson Vacumm Elelctroics of China Xiamen, China, Agust 23-25, 2016 (in Chinese)[黄华, 袁欢, 何琥 2016 中国电子学会真空电子学分会第20届学术年会 中国厦门, 8月2325, 2016]
[15] Yuan H, Huang H, Liu Z B, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 Acta Electron. Sin. 45 1957 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 黄华, 刘振帮, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 电子学报 45 1957]
[16] Yuan H, Huang H, He H, Ge Y, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 High Power Laser And Particle Beams 29 113001 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 黄华, 何琥, 戈弋, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 强激光与粒子束 29 113001]
[17] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, He H, Lei L R 2014 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 42 3419
[18] Liu Z B, Huang H, Lei L R, Jin X, Zhu L, Wang G P, He H, Ge Y, Yuan H, Chen Z F 2015 Phys. Plasma 22 093105
[19] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Yuan H, Ge Y, He H, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 018401 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 黄华, 金晓, 袁欢, 戈弋, 何琥, 雷禄容 2015 64 018401]
[20] Liu Z B, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R, Zhu L, Li L L 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 093110
[21] Li L L, Huang H, Liu Z B, Wang G P, Yuan H 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 123003 (in Chinese)[李乐乐, 黄华, 刘振帮, 王淦平, 袁欢 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 123003]
[22] Wang G P, Jin X, Huang H, Liu Z B 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 044102 (in Chinese)[王淦平, 金晓, 黄华, 刘振帮 2017 66 044102]
[23] Yuan H, Liu Z B, Huang H, Meng F B, Chen C H 2017 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 123003 (in Chinese)[袁欢, 刘振帮, 黄华, 孟凡宝, 陈昌华 2017 强激光与粒子束 28 123003]
[24] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xie H Q 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 113107
[25] Wu Y, Xu Z, Xie H Q 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 084102 (in Chinese)[吴洋, 许州, 谢鸿全 2015 64 084102]
[26] Song W, Liu G Z, Lin Y Z, Shao H 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 1322 (in Chinese)[宋玮, 刘国治, 林郁正, 邵浩 2008 强激光与粒子 20 1322]
[27] Zhang Z H, Shu T, Zhang J, Liu J, Bai X C 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22 614 (in Chinese)[张泽海, 舒挺, 张军, 刘静, 白现臣 2010 强激光与粒子束 22 614]
[28] Dang F, Zhang X, Zhong H H, Zhang J, Ju J C 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 073113
[29] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Sun J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 101502
[30] Ju J C, Zhang J, Shu T, Zhong H H 2017 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 38 270
[31] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xu Z 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 083103
[32] Wu Y, Li Z H, Xu Z 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 113102
[33] Wu Y, Chen Y D, Zhao D 2016 Chin. Phys. C 40 067002
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