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在实际应用中, 反铁电陶瓷常处于快速变化的脉冲电场下, 而传统电滞回线测量时所施加的电场变化速率较慢, 并不能真实反映反铁电陶瓷实际应用时的极化和相变行为. 本研究建立了反铁电陶瓷脉冲电滞回线测试平台, 研究了Pb0.94La0.04[(Zr0.52Sn0.48)0.84Ti0.16]O3反铁电陶瓷在微秒级脉冲电场下的极化和相变行为. 研究结果表明, 反铁电陶瓷在微秒级脉冲电场下可以发生相变, 但其极化强度降低, 正向相变电场变高, 反向相变电场变低, 从而导致其储能特性发生了显著的变化. 因此, 低频电滞回线并不能真实反映反铁电陶瓷在脉冲电场下的性能, 脉冲电滞回线对其应用具有更重要的参考价值.In real applications, antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are usually subjected to a pulse electric field with fast rising or falling speed. In the measurement of hysteresis loop at low frequency, the applied electric field has a low changing rate. Thus, the obtained results cannot reveal the polarization nor phase transition of AFE ceramics in real applications. In the present work, a platform to measure the pulse hysteresis loop is developed and the polarization and phase transition of Pb0.94La0.04[(Zr0.52Sn0.48)0.84Ti0.16]O3 (PLZST) AFE ceramics under pulse electric field on a μs scale are investigated. The obtained results indicate that the phase transition can be induced by pulse electric field. However, the maximum polarization decreases, the forward transition field increases and the backward one decreases, resulting in the variation of energy storage performance. Thus, the hysteresis loop at low frequency cannot reveal the performance of AFE ceramics under the action of a pulse electric field. The pulse hysteresis loop is of great significance in real applications.
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Keywords:
- antiferroelectric ceramic /
- polarization /
- antiferroelectric phase transition /
- pulse energy storage /
- pulse hysteresis loop
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图 3 脉冲电滞回线测试平台的电路原理图
Fig. 3. Circuit diagram of the experimental setup for pulse hysteresis loop.
图 4 PLZST在不同电场幅值下极化强度曲线 (a) 22.22 kV·cm–1; (b) 31.11 kV·cm–1; (c) 40 kV·cm–1; (d) 53.33 kV·cm–1
Fig. 4. P(t) curves of PLZST under electric field with different amplitudes: (a) 22.22 kV·cm–1; (b) 31.11 kV·cm–1; (c) 40 kV·cm–1; (d) 53.33 kV·cm–1.
图 5 PLZST的10 Hz和脉冲电滞回线 (a) 22.22 kV·cm–1; (b) 31.11 kV·cm–1; (c) 40 kV·cm–1; (d) 53.33 kV·cm–1
Fig. 5. 10 Hz and pulse P-E curves of PLZST: (a) 22.22 kV·cm–1; (b) 31.11 kV·cm–1; (c) 40 kV·cm–1; (d) 53.33 kV·cm–1.
图 6 PLZST在10 Hz与脉冲电场下极化强度差值ΔP
Fig. 6. ΔP of PLZST under 10 Hz and pulse electric field.
图 7 PLZST在(a) 10 Hz与(b)脉冲电场下的微分介电常数
Fig. 7. Differential permittivity of PLZST under (a) 10 Hz and (b) pulse electric field.
图 8 PLZST在脉冲电场下相变时间
Fig. 8. Phase transition time of PLZST under pulse electric field.
图 9 PLZST在0.1—50 Hz及脉冲电场下Wst
Fig. 9. Wst of PLZST under 0.1–50 Hz and pulse electric field
图 10 PLZST在0.1—50 Hz及脉冲电场下Wre
Fig. 10. Wre of PLZST under 0.1–50 Hz and pulse electric field
图 11 PLZST脉冲放电电流(放电电阻100.4 Ω, 充电电场53.33 kV·cm–1)
Fig. 11. Pulse discharge current curve of PLZST (with a load resistor of 100.4 Ω and charging electric field of 53.33 kV·cm–1)
表 1 PLZST在10 Hz与脉冲电场下相变电场
Table 1. Phase transition fields of PLZST under 10 Hz and pulse electric field.
电场类型 EAFE-FE/
kV·cm–1EFE-AFE/
kV·cm–1ΔE/
kV·cm–110 Hz 34.07 22.80 11.27 脉冲电场 38.48 16.53 21.95 
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表 2 不同方式计算得PLZST反铁电陶瓷的储能参数(53.33 kV·cm–1)
Table 2. Energy storage properties of PLZST calculated via different methods (53.33 kV·cm–1).
计算方法 Wst/J·cm–3 Wre 或 Wdis/J·cm–3 η/% 10 Hz电滞回线 0.99 0.71 (Wre) 72.3 脉冲电滞回线 1.00 0.56 (Wre) 55.5 放电电流 0.39 (Wdis)
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[1] Kittel C 1951 Phys. Rev. 82 729
Google Scholar
[2] 张良莹, 姚熹 1991 电介质物理 (西安: 西安交通大学出版社) 第481页
Zhang L Y, Yao X 1991 Dielectric Physics (Xi’an: Xi’an Jiaotong University Press) p481 (in Chinese)
[3] Xu R, Li B R, Tian J J, Xu Z, Feng Y J, Wei X Y, Huang D, Yang L J 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 142904
Google Scholar
[4] Jo H R, Lynch, C S 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 024104
Google Scholar
[5] Wang H S, Liu Y C, Yang T Q, Zhang S J 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1807321
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang G Z, Zhu D Y, Zhang X S, Zhang L, Yi J Q, Xie B, Zeng Y K, Li Q, Wang Q, Jiang S L 2015 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98 1175
Google Scholar
[7] Neilson F W, Stuetzer O M 1971 US Patent 3569822
[8] Gundel H 2011 Integr. Ferroelectr. 2 207
Google Scholar
[9] 王秋萍, 冯玉军, 徐卓, 成鹏飞, 凤飞龙 2015 64 247701
Google Scholar
Wang Q P, Feng Y J, Xu Z, Cheng P F, Feng F L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 247701
Google Scholar
[10] 黄旭东, 冯玉军, 唐帅 2012 61 087702
Google Scholar
Huang X D, Feng Y J, Tang S 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 087702
Google Scholar
[11] Xu R, Xu Z, Feng Y J, Wei X Y, Tian J J, Huang D 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 224103
Google Scholar
[12] Kim Y H, Kim J J 1997 Phys. Rev. B 55 11933
Google Scholar
[13] Chen X F, Cao F, Zhang H L, Yu G, Wang G S, Dong X L, Gu Y, He H L, Liu Y S 2012 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95 1163
Google Scholar
[14] Pan W Y, Gu W Y, Cross L E 1989 Ferroelectrics 99 185
Google Scholar
[15] Xu B M, Moses P, Pal N G, Cross L E 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 593
Google Scholar
[16] Zhang H L, Chen X F, Cao F, Wang G S, Dong X L, Hu Z Y, Du T 2010 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93 4015
Google Scholar
[17] Gundel H W, Limousin P, Seveno R, Averty D 2001 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21 1619
Google Scholar
[18] 李红刚, 冯玉军, 徐卓, 王栋, 2004 功能材料 35 1471
Google Scholar
Li H G, Feng Y J, Xu Z, Wang D 2004 Function Materials 35 1471
Google Scholar
[19] Feng Y J, Wei X Y, Wang D, Xu Z, Yao X 2004 Ceram. Int. 30 1389
Google Scholar
[20] 钟维烈 1996 铁电体物理学 (北京: 科学出版社) 第306页
Zhong W L 1996 Ferroelectric Physics (Beijing: Science Press) p306 (in Chinese)
[21] Chen Z J, Zhang Y, Li S Y, Lu X M, Cao W W 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 202904
Google Scholar
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