铷原子气体自旋噪声谱的测量与改进

尚雅轩; 马健; 史平; 钱轩; 李伟; 姬扬

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180098

摘要

利用自主设计并制作的基于现场可编程门阵列的实时傅里叶变换采集卡（FFTsDAC），采用线偏振光检测碱金属铷原子气样品中的自旋随机涨落（即自旋噪声谱）.详细讨论了背景噪声以及自旋噪声随探测光光强的变化关系，证实了自旋噪声来自于系统中自旋的随机涨落.对比了两种FFTsDAC（8 bit采样的FFTsDAC1和12 bit采样的FFTsDAC2）的测量性能，分析了影响实验信噪比的因素.FFTsDAC2具有更高的测量效率和采样深度以及更长的单次采样时间，因而具有更高的信噪比和更好的频率分辨率，与数值模拟的结果一致.

关键词:

Abstract

Spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) is a new kind of Faraday rotation technique, which does not need spin injection to generate polarized spin. This method uses a linearly polarized laser to detect the spontaneous spin fluctuation in a thermal equilibrium state. However, the signal of spontaneous spin fluctuation is so weak (~V) in the thermal equilibrium system that a big signal-noise ratio (SNR) is often demanded. Here, we report on the build-up and improvement of a spin noise spectrum measurement system. A home-made field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based data-acquisition card with real-time fast Fourier transform (DAC-FFT) is used to improve the SNR of the SNS measurement system. The reduction of intrinsic noise in the experimental system is discussed in detail. Both the dependence of background noise and the dependence of spin noise on the intensity of probe laser are analyzed. We find that the background noise is proportional to the intensity of the probe laser, while the spin noise signal shows square dependence on probe laser intensity. The spin noise indeed comes from the spontaneous spin fluctuation as experimentally confirmed via an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) inserted in the measurement system. The measurement performances of two FPGA based DAC-FFTs (the 8-bit FFTsDAC1 and the 12-bit FFTsDAC2, respectively) are compared. Several factors are found to affect the SNR of the system, including the measurement efficiency and the acquisition resolution. The FFTsDAC2 has longer single acquisition time and faster data transmission speed (with USB 3.0) than the FFTsDAC1, when the total measurement time is set to be the same, the effective measurement time realized in FFTsDAC2 is longer than in FFTsDAC1. With better measurement efficiency and sampling depth and longer single acquisition time, the FFTsDAC2 has a better SNR and finer frequency resolution with a much narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) value. Moreover, the simulations of the measurement process show the effect of the single acquisition time on the FWHM of spin noise peak, further clarifying the reason why the spin noise spectrum measured by FFTsDAC2 is more accurate.

Keywords:

spin noise spectroscopy /
background noise /
Faraday rotation /
data-acquisition card with real-time fast Fourier transforms

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院半导体研究所, 半导体超晶格国家重点实验室, 北京 100083;

2.
中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院, 北京 100049;

3.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京 100049;

4.
挪威科技大学海事操作与土木工程系, 奥勒松 6025, 挪威

通信作者: 姬扬, jiyang@semi.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2016YFA0301202）和国家自然科学基金（批准号：91321310，11404325）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;

2.
College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

3.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

4.
Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Aalesund 6025, Norway

Corresponding author: Ji Yang, jiyang@semi.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301202) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91321310, 11404325).

参考文献

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[2]	Crooker S A, Cheng L, Smith D L 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 035208
[3]	Aleksanfrov E B, Zapassky V S 1981 JETP 81 132
[4]	Crooker S A, Rickel D G, Balatsky A V, Smith D L 2004 Nature 431 49
[5]	Oestreich M, Rmer M, Haug R J, Hgele D 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 216603
[6]	Rmer M, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2007 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 103903
[7]	Crooker S A, Brandt J, Sandfort C, Greilich A, Yakovlev D R, Reuter D, Wieck A D, Bayer M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 036601
[8]	Mller G M, Rmer M, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 192109
[9]	Quirk M P, Garyantes M F, Wilck H C, Grimm M J 1988 IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing 36 1854
[10]	Iglesias V, Grajal J, Snchez A, Vallejo M L 2015 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 64 338
[11]	Shi P, Ma J, Qian X, Ji Y, Li W 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 017201 (in Chinese)[史平, 马健, 钱轩, 姬扬, 李伟 2017 66 017201]
[12]	Shannon C E 1949 Proc. IRE 37 10
[13]	Demtrder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (4th Ed., Vol. 1) (Beijing:Science Press) pp162-163 (in Chinese)[戴姆特瑞德著 (姬扬译) 2012 激光光谱学:(原书第四版第1卷) (北京:科学出版社)第162163页]
[14]	Horn H, Mller G M, Rasel E M, Santos L, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 043851
[15]	Ma J, Shi P, Qian X, Li W, Ji Y 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 117203
[16]	Arimondo E, Inguscio M, Violino P 1977 Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 31
[17]	Bize S, Sortais Y, Santos M S, Clairon A, Salomon C 1999 Europhys. Lett. 45 558
[18]	Zhu Y S 2006 Probability and Statistics in Experimental Physics (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:Science Press) pp431-433 (in Chinese)[朱永生 2006 实验物理中的概率和统计(第二版)(北京:科学出版社) 第431433]
[19]	Demtrder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (4th Ed., Vol. 1) (Beijing:Science Press) pp74-77 (in Chinese)[戴姆特瑞德著(姬扬译) 2012 激光光谱学 (原书第四版第1卷) (北京:科学出版社)第7477页]

施引文献

[1]	Mller G M, Oestreich M, Rmer M, Hbner J 2010 Physica E 43 569
[2]	Crooker S A, Cheng L, Smith D L 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 035208
[3]	Aleksanfrov E B, Zapassky V S 1981 JETP 81 132
[4]	Crooker S A, Rickel D G, Balatsky A V, Smith D L 2004 Nature 431 49
[5]	Oestreich M, Rmer M, Haug R J, Hgele D 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 216603
[6]	Rmer M, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2007 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 103903
[7]	Crooker S A, Brandt J, Sandfort C, Greilich A, Yakovlev D R, Reuter D, Wieck A D, Bayer M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 036601
[8]	Mller G M, Rmer M, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 192109
[9]	Quirk M P, Garyantes M F, Wilck H C, Grimm M J 1988 IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing 36 1854
[10]	Iglesias V, Grajal J, Snchez A, Vallejo M L 2015 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 64 338
[11]	Shi P, Ma J, Qian X, Ji Y, Li W 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 017201 (in Chinese)[史平, 马健, 钱轩, 姬扬, 李伟 2017 66 017201]
[12]	Shannon C E 1949 Proc. IRE 37 10
[13]	Demtrder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (4th Ed., Vol. 1) (Beijing:Science Press) pp162-163 (in Chinese)[戴姆特瑞德著 (姬扬译) 2012 激光光谱学:(原书第四版第1卷) (北京:科学出版社)第162163页]
[14]	Horn H, Mller G M, Rasel E M, Santos L, Hbner J, Oestreich M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 043851
[15]	Ma J, Shi P, Qian X, Li W, Ji Y 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 117203
[16]	Arimondo E, Inguscio M, Violino P 1977 Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 31
[17]	Bize S, Sortais Y, Santos M S, Clairon A, Salomon C 1999 Europhys. Lett. 45 558
[18]	Zhu Y S 2006 Probability and Statistics in Experimental Physics (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:Science Press) pp431-433 (in Chinese)[朱永生 2006 实验物理中的概率和统计(第二版)(北京:科学出版社) 第431433]
[19]	Demtrder W (translated by Ji Y) 2012 Laser Spectroscopy (4th Ed., Vol. 1) (Beijing:Science Press) pp74-77 (in Chinese)[戴姆特瑞德著(姬扬译) 2012 激光光谱学 (原书第四版第1卷) (北京:科学出版社)第7477页]

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