基于VHF辐射源短基线定位系统对闪电放电过程的研究

曹冬杰; 郄秀书; 段树; 宣越建; 王东方

doi:10.7498/aps.61.069202

摘要

利用闪电VHF辐射源短基线定位系统2009年东北大兴安岭地区的观测资料,对正、负地闪和云闪放电过程中的VHF辐射源进行了定位研究.根据闪电VHF辐射源的二维位置(方位角和仰角)随时间的演变特征,结合同步观测的快、慢电场变化资料分析发现,持续时间较长的地闪预击穿过程在云中的放电通道呈双层结构,预击穿过程结束阶段的云内放电表现为反冲流光,预击穿过程的平均速度在104m/s量级.预击穿过程为梯级先导的发展提供了必要的条件,梯级先导从预击穿起始位置开始并向下发展,产生较强的辐射,平均速度在105m/s量级.K过程主要是流光沿之前已电离通道的传输.正、负地闪回击阶段前后的放电特征有明显不同,正地闪回击之后,连续电流期间的较长时间的云内放电产生较强的VHF辐射.对闪电在125200MHz频段范围的VHF辐射频谱特征的统计分析发现,辐射能量呈现出幅值随频率增加而减小的趋势,在通带范围上基本遵循f-2.9的衰减率递减.

关键词:

Abstract

A lightning VHF radiation source location system based on short-baseline technology is used to study the location of VHF radiation source in the lightning discharge process. The observation was conducted in Daxing'anling during summer of 2009. Positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, negative CG lightning, and intra-cloud (IC) lightning are analyzed based on the locating results and simultaneous electric field changes. The long lasting preliminary breakdown process of CG flash appears as two-level structure of discharge channel in cloud. There are obvious recoil streamers during the final stage of preliminary breakdown process. The preliminary breakdown process propagates at a speed of about 104 m/s. The preliminary breakdown seems to be necessary for the initiation of stepped leader. The stepped leader starts from the source region of preliminary breakdown and propagates downwards. The stepped leader produces intensive VHF radiation. The propagation speed of stepped leader is about 105 m/s. The K process is caused by the streamers propagating backwards and forwards along the electrified channel. Characteristics of discharge processes before and after the return stroke of positive CG flash are different from those of negative CG flash obviously. During long continuing current after the return stroke of positive CG flash, discharges in cloud produce intensive VHF radiation. The energy spectrum of the VHF radiation produced by lightning is studied statistically. It is found that the energy spectrum of VHF radiation decreases quickly with the frequency at a rate of about f-2.9 between 125 and 200 MHz.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气和全球环境探测重点实验室, 北京 100029;

2.
中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

通信作者: 郄秀书, qiex@mail.iap.ac.cn

基金项目: 林业公益性行业科研专项经费(批准号: 200704027-1)、国家科技支撑计划(批准号: 2008BAC36B03)和国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号: 40930949)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;

2.
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Qie Xiu-Shu, qiex@mail.iap.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. 200704027-1), the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2008BAC36B03), and Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40930949).

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施引文献

[1]
[2]	Rhodes C T, Shao X M, Krehbiel P R, Thomas R J, Hayenga C O 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 13059
[3]
[4]	Shao X M, Krehbiel P R, Thomas R J, Rison W R 1995 J. Geo-phys. Res. 100 2749
[5]	Shao X M, Holden D N, Rhodes C T 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 1917
[6]
[7]
[8]	Kawasaki Z I, Mardiana R, Ushio T 2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 3189
[9]
[10]	Rison W R, Thomas R J, Krehbiel P R, Hamlin T, Harlin J 1999 Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 3573
[11]	Thomas R J, Krehbiel P R, Rison W R, Hunyady S J, Winn W P, Hamlin T, Harlin J 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 D14207
[12]
[13]
[14]	Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵阳, 郄秀书, 孔祥贞, 张广庶, 张彤, 杨静, 冯桂力, 张其林, 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[15]
[16]	Yang J, Qie X S, Wang J G, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yuan T, Zhou Y J, Feng G L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1968 (in Chinese) [杨静, 郄秀书, 王建国, 赵阳, 张其林, 袁铁, 周筠珺, 冯桂力 2008 57 1968]
[17]
[18]	Morimoto T, Kawasaki Z I, Ushio T 2005 Atmos. Res. 76 445
[19]	Shao X M, Rhodes C T, Holden D N 1999 J. Geophys. Res. 104 9601
[20]
[21]	Dong W S, Liu X S, Zhang Y J, Zhang G S 2002 Science in China D 32 81 (in Chinese) [董万胜, 刘欣生, 张义军, 张广庶 2002 中国科学 D 32 81]
[22]
[23]
[24]	Yoshida S, Biagi C J, Rakov V A, Hill J D, Stapleton M V, Jor-dan D M, Uman M A, Morimoto T, Ushio T, Kawasaki Z I 2010 Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 L05805
[25]	Shao X M, Krehbiel P R 1996 J. Geophys. Res. 101 26641
[26]
[27]	Akita M, Nakamura Y, Yoshida S, Morimoto T, Ushio T, Kawasaki Z, Wang D 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 D07106
[28]
[29]	Zhang G S, Wang Y H, Qie X S, Zhang T, Zhao Y X, Li Y J, Cao D J 2010 Science in China D 40 523 (in Chinese) [张广庶, 王彦辉, 郄秀书, 张彤, 赵玉祥, 李亚珺, 曹冬杰 2010 中国科学 D 40 523]
[30]
[31]	Zhang G S, Zhao Y X, Qie X S, Zhang T, Wang Y H, Chen C P 2008 Science in China D 38 1167 (in Chinese) [张广庶, 赵玉祥, 郄秀书, 张彤, 王彦辉, 陈成品 2008 中国科学 D 38 1167]
[32]
[33]	Mardiana R, Kawasaki Z I 2000 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 49 376
[34]
[35]	Mardiana R, Kawasaki Z I 2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2917
[36]
[37]	Proctor D E 1971 Geophys. Res. Lett. 76 1478
[38]
[39]	Taylor W L 1978 J. Geophys. Res. 83 3575
[40]
[41]
[42]	Zhang Q, Qie X S, Zhang G S 2003 Plateau Meteorology 22 226 (in Chinese) [张泉, 郄秀书, 张广庶 2003 高原气象 22 226]
[43]
[44]	Qiu S, Zhou B H, Shi L H, Dong W S, Zhang Y J, Tao S C 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 D18211
[45]
[46]	Takahashi T 1978 J. Atmos. Sci. 35 1536
[47]
[48]	Williams E R 1989 J. Geophys. Res. 94 13151
[49]	Kawasaki Z I, Mazur V 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 12935
[50]
[51]	Mazur V, Ruhnke L 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 12913
[52]
[53]
[54]	Yuan P, Liu X S, Zhang Y J, Xie L Y, Dong C Z 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 2495 (in Chinese) [袁萍, 刘欣生, 张义军, 颉录有, 董辰钟 2002 51 2495]
[55]	Lan Y, Zhang Y J, Lv W T, Zheng D, Chen S D 2009 Plateau Me-teorology 28 05 (in Chinese) [蓝渝, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 郑栋, 陈绍东 2009 高原气象 28 05]
[56]
[57]	Rust W D, MacGorman D R, Bruning E C, Weiss S A, Krehbiel P R, Thomas R J, Rison W, Hamlin T, Harlin J 2005 Atmos. Res. 76 247

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