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过渡族元素掺杂ZnO生成稀磁半导体, 成为近期国际材料科学研究的热点. 在本文中, 研究Fe离子注入ZnO单晶的结构和磁性变化, 目标是建立磁性和结构的对应关系, 澄清铁磁性的来源. 采用卢瑟福背散射/沟道技术 (RBS/Channelling)、同步辐射X射线衍射 (SR-XRD)和超导量子干涉仪 (SQUID), 研究注入温度和退火对样品的晶格损伤、结构及磁性的影响. 研究表明: 样品注入区损伤随注入温度升高而降低; 低温253 K注入样品中, SR-XRD未检测到新相, Fe离子分布于Zn位, ZnO (0002) 峰右侧肩峰可能属于Zn1-xFexO, 5 K下测试样品不具有铁磁性; 623 K注入和823 K真空退火 (253 K注入) 样品中形成和相金属Fe, 5 K下样品具有明显的剩磁和矫顽力, 零场冷却和场冷却 (ZFC/FC) 曲线和300 K下的磁滞回线显示纳米Fe颗粒具有超顺磁性. Fe离子注入ZnO的磁性源于第二相-Fe和-Fe.Due to its potential application to diluted magnetic oxides, transition metal doped ZnO has been under intensive investigation. We present a correlation between the structural and the magnetic properties of Fe implanted ZnO bulk crystals. Crystalline damage recovery, structural and magnetic properties are studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channelling (RBS/C), synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID), respectively. The 623 K Fe ion implantation and the high vacuum annealing at 823 K lead to the formation of secondary phase -Fe and -Fe nanoparticles. The discrepancy between the zero-field cooling and the field cooling curves further indicates that Fe-implanted ZnO is superparamagnetic and the observed ferromagnetism originates from the Fe nanoparticles.
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Keywords:
- ion implantation /
- ZnO /
- SR-XRD /
- superparamagnetism
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[1] Dietl T, Ohno H, Matsukura F, Cibert J, Ferrand D 2000 Science 287 1019
[2] Liu S H, Hsu H S, Venkataiah G, Qi X, Lin C R, Lee J F, Liang K S, Huang J C A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 262504
[3] [4] Lu Z L, Zou W Q, Xu M X, Zhang F M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 056101
[5] [6] [7] Cheng X W, Li X, Gao Y L, Yu Z, Long X, Liu Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2018 (in Chinese) [程兴旺、 李 祥、 高院玲、 于 宙、 龙 雪、 刘 颖 2009 58 2018 ]
[8] [9] Wang D, Chen Z Q, Zhou F, Lu W, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A 2009 Applied Surface Science 255 9371
[10] Li M, Zou C W, Wang G F, Wang H J, Yin M L, Liu C S, Guo L P, Fu D J, Kang T W 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 104117
[11] [12] [13] Liu X J, Zhu X Y, Song C, Zeng F, Pan F 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 035004
[14] Yin S, Xu M X, Yang L, Liu J F, Rosner H, Hahn H, Gleiter H, Schild D, Doyle S, Liu T, Hu T D, Takayama-Muromachi E, Jiang J Z 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 224408
[15] [16] [17] Sati P, Deparis C, Morhain C, Schafer S, Stepanov A 2007 Phys. Rev.Lett. 98 137204
[18] Fukumura M, Jin Z W, Kawasaki M, Shono T, Hasegawa T, Koshihara S, Koinuma H, 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 958
[19] [20] [21] Jin Z W, Fukumura T, Kawasaki M, Ando K, Saito H, Sekiguchi T, Yoo Y Z, Murakami M, Matsumoto Y, Hasegawa T, Koinuma H 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 3824
[22] [23] Liu X C, Shi E W, Song L X, Zhang H W, Chen Z Z 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2557 (in Chinese) [刘学超、 施尔畏、 宋力昕、 张华伟、 陈之战 2006 55 2557]
[24] Xu Q Y, Zheng X H, Gong Y P 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 077501
[25] [26] [27] Zhou S Q, Potzger K, Xu Q Y, Talut G, Lorenz M, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J, Grundmann M, Schmidt H 2009 Vacuum 83 S13
[28] [29] Wang Y Q, Su L, Liu L, Tian Z M, Chang T Q, Wang Z, Yin S Y, Yuan S L 2010 Phys. Status Solidi A 207 2553
[30] Zhou S, Potzger K, Zhang G F, Eichhorn F, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 114304
[31] [32] [33] Yan G Q, Xie K X, Mo Z R, Lu Z L, Zou W Q, Wang S,Yue F J, Wu D, Zhang F M, Du Y W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1237 (in Chinese) [严国清、 谢凯旋、 莫仲荣、 路忠林、 邹文琴、 王 申、 岳凤娟、 吴 镝、 张凤鸣、 都有为 2009 58 1237]
[34] [35] Peng X D,Zhu T, Wang F W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3274 (in Chinese) [彭先德、 朱 涛、 王芳卫 2009 58 3274]
[36] [37] Li T J, Li G P, Gao X X, Chen J S 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 087501
[38] [39] Wang Y, Zou J, Li Y J, Zhang B, Lu W 2009 Acta Materialia 57 2291
[40] Wang D, Chen Z Q, Zhou F, Lu W, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A 2009 Applied Surface Science 255 9371
[41] [42] Ziegler J, Biersack J, Littmark U 1985 The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (New York: Pergamon)
[43] [44] Cullity B D 1978 Elements of X-ray Diffractions (MA: Addison-Wesley Reading) p102
[45] [46] [47] Potzger K, Zhou S Q, Reuther H, Mcklich A, Eichhorn F, Schell N, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J, Herrmannsdrfer T, Papageorgiou T P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 052508
[48] Abdul Majid, Rehana Sharif, Husnain G, Akbar Ali 2009 J. Phys D: Appl. Phys. 42 135401
[49] [50] [51] Geurts J, Schumm M, Koerdel M, Ziereis C, Mller S, Ronning C, Dynowska E, Goacki Z, Szuszkiewicz W 2010 Physica Status Solidi B 247 1469
[52] [53] Respaud M, Broto J M, Rakoto H, Fert A R, Thomas L, Barbara B, Verelst M, Snoeck E, Lecante P 1998 Phys. Rev. B 57 2925
[54] [55] Shinde S R, Ogale S B, Higgins J S, Zheng H, Millis A J, Kulkarni V N, Ramesh R, Greene R L, Venkatesan T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 166601
[56] [57] Sun Y, Salamon M B, Garnier K, Averback R S 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 167206
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