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大数据时代网络数据流量的爆炸式增长给通信系统的容量和数据传输速率带来极大的挑战. 本文基于锁模光学频率梳的宽光谱范围和高相位相干性提出了一种高频正交幅度调制信号生成方法, 通过电光调制器对光学频率梳进行幅度相位整形并下变频至射频域, 生成携带编码信息的高速、高阶、低相位噪声的调制信号, 再结合锁模光学频率梳窄线宽、多波长的特性, 仅使用单个激光器即可实现基于波分复用技术的大规模并行高速通信. 仿真验证了该方案的可行性, 随后在100 m的自由空间光链路中使用光子微波信号进行16元正交幅度调制通信实验, 实现了误码率低于10–6的14 Gbit/s数据传输.
With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as multimedia services, live broadcasting, video conferencing, and high-definition television, traditional radio frequency communication is unable to meet people 's growing demand for communication capacity and transmission rate. In recent years, optical communication has received extensive attention from the industrial and scientific communities due to its advantages of large bandwidth, high speed, low power consumption, light weight, and strong anti-interference ability. As an emerging light source, the optical frequency comb (OFC) has a wide spectral range, multi-wavelength, high stability, and good phase coherence, providing a new idea for studying microwave signals with simple system structure, strong tunability and high frequency stability. At the same time, the multi-optical mode characteristics of OFC are compatible with the current communication system based on wavelength division multiplexing technology. Hundreds of laser arrays in a traditional communication system can be replaced by only one laser, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the system. Combining the above advantages, in this paper, a large-scale parallel high-speed optical communication system based on mode-locked OFC is proposed. The linewidth of the OFC locked to the rubidium atomic clock can reach 1 Hz, which is sufficient to support the transmission of high-order modulation signals. The electro-optic modulators are used to adjust the amplitude and phase of each optical mode of the mode-locked OFC and self-coherently map to the RF domain. The high-speed high-order modulation signal with coded information is obtained by frequency screening through a narrow-band filter. The communication capability of the microwave photonic modulation signal in the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format is verified by simulation. The 16QAM communication with the rate of 2, 6, and 14 Gbit/s is realized by using the photonic microwave signal on the 100 m space optical link, and the bit error rate (BER) is less than 10–6. The proposed large-scale parallel optical communication system based on mode-locked OFC can achieve high-speed information transmission with a compact system structure, which is suitable for inter-satellite communication, emergency communication, military communication and other fields. -
Keywords:
- mode-locked optical frequency comb /
- microwave photonics /
- spatial optical communication /
- quadrature amplitude modulation
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图 2 基于锁模光学频率梳的大规模并行高速光通信原理 (a)光子微波信号调制; (b)光相干接收; (c)基于光学频率梳的大规模并行数据传输; (d)载波光源提取
Fig. 2. Principle of massively parallel high-speed optical communication system based on mode-locked optical frequency comb: (a) Photonic microwave signal modulation; (b) optical coherent reception; (c) massively parallel data transmission based on optical frequency comb; (d) carrier light source extraction.
图 3 光学频率梳自拍频生成射频信号 (a) 射频频率梳时域波形; (b) 窄带滤波后的时域波形
Fig. 3. RF signal generated by the self-beat of optical frequency comb: (a) Time domain waveform of RF comb; (b) time domain waveform after narrowband filtered.
图 4 16 QAM光子微波信号生成过程 (a)编码信号时域; (b)编码信号频域及带通滤波效果; (c) 2 Gbit/s的16 QAM信号时域波形; (d) 12 Gbit/s的16 QAM信号时域波形; (e) 2 Gbit/s的16 QAM星座图; (f) 12 Gbit/s的16 QAM星座图
Fig. 4. Process of the generation of 16 QAM microwave photonic signal: (a) Time-domain of encoded signal; (b) frequency-domain of encoded signal and the results after band-pass filtering; (c) waveform of 2 Gbit/s 16 QAM signal; (d) waveform of 12 Gbit/s 16 QAM signal; (e) constellation diagram of 2 Gbit/s 16 QAM; (f) constellation diagram of 12 Gbit/s 16 QAM.
图 5 自由空间光通信实验 (a) 实验装置. OSA, 光谱分析仪; OSC, 示波器; BPD, 平衡探测器; OH, 光混频器; AWG, 任意波形发生器; TBPF, 可调谐带通滤波器; DC, 直流电源; IQM, 同相/正交调制器; EDFA, 掺铒光纤放大器; IM, 强度调制器; PM, 相位调制器; PD, 光探测器; Amp, 功率放大器; Tx., 发射器; Rx., 接收器. (b) 实验环境
Fig. 5. Free space optical communication experiment: (a) Experimental installation. OSA, optical spectrum analyzer; OSC, oscilloscope; BPD, balance photodetector; OH, optical hybrid; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; TBPF, tunable bandpass filter; DC, direct current; IQM, in-phase/quadrature modulator; EDFA, erbium doped fiber amplifier; IM, intensity modulator; PM, phase modulator; PD, photodetector; Amp, amplifier; Tx., transmitter; Rx., receiver. (b) experimental scenario.
图 6 2 Gbit/s的16 QAM光子微波信号 (a) 时域; (b) 频域
Fig. 6. 16 QAM microwave photonic signal at 2 Gbit/s: (a) Time domain; (b) frequency domain.
图 7 100 m自由空间光通信实验结果(EVM, 误差矢量幅度) (a)—(c) 接收调制光谱; (d)—(f) 星座图. (a), (d) 2 Gbit/s; (b), (e) 6 Gbit/s; (c), (f) 14 Gbit/s
Fig. 7. Experimental results of 100 m free space optical communication (EVM, error vector magnitude): (a)–(c) Received modulation spectrum; (d)–(f) constellation diagram. (a), (d) 2 Gbit/s; (b), (e) 6 Gbit/s; (c), (f) 14 Gbit/s.
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[1] Toyoshima M 2005 J. Opt. Netw 4 300
Google Scholar
[2] Kaushal H, Kaddoum G 2017 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 19 57
Google Scholar
[3] Yin F F, Yin Z K, Xie X Z, Dai Y T, Xu K 2021 Opt. Express 29 17839
Google Scholar
[4] Durán V, Andrekson P A, Torres-Company V 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 4190
Google Scholar
[5] Ataie V, Esman D, Kuo B P P, Alic N, Radic S 2015 Science 350 1343
Google Scholar
[6] Li W Z, Yao J P 2010 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22 24
Google Scholar
[7] Chen Y 2018 IEEE Photonics J. 10 1
Google Scholar
[8] Kittlaus E A, Eliyahu D, Ganji S, Williams S, Matsko A B, Cooper K B, Forouhar S 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 4397
Google Scholar
[9] Diddams S A, Vahala K, Udem T 2020 Science 369 6501
Google Scholar
[10] Cundiff S T, Weiner A M 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 760
Google Scholar
[11] Wang B C, Yang Z J, Sun S M, Yi X 2022 Photonics Res. 10 932
Google Scholar
[12] Tan M X, Xu X Y, Boes A, Corcoran B, Wu J Y, Nguyen T G, Chu S T, Little B E, Morandotti R, Mitchell A, Moss D J 2020 J. Lightwave Technol. 38 6221
Google Scholar
[13] Marin-Palomo P, Kemal J N, Karpov M, Kordts A, Pfeifle J, Pfeiffer M H P, Trocha P, Wolf S, Brasch V, Anderson M H, Rosenberger R, Vijayan K, Freude W, Kippenberg T J, Koos C 2017 Nature 546 274
Google Scholar
[14] Shao W, Wang Y, Jia S W, Xie Z, Gao D R, Wang W, Zhang D Q, Liao P X, Little B E, Chu S T, Zhao W, Zhang W F, Wang W Q, Xie X P 2022 Photonics Res. 10 2802
Google Scholar
[15] Rademacher G, Puttnam B J, Luís R S, Eriksson T A, Fontaine N K, Mazur M, Chen H S, Ryf R, Neilson D T, Sillard P, Achten F, Awaji Y, Furukawa H 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 4238
Google Scholar
[16] Corcoran B, Tan M, Xu X, Boes A, Wu J, Nguyen T G, Chu S T, Little B E, Morandotti R, Mitchell A, Moss D J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2568
Google Scholar
[17] 陈嘉伟, 王金栋, 曲兴华, 张福民 2019 68 190602
Google Scholar
Chen J W, Wang J D, Qu X H, Zhang F M 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 190602
Google Scholar
[18] 赵显宇, 曲兴华, 陈嘉伟, 郑继辉, 王金栋, 张福民 2020 69 090601
Google Scholar
Zhao X Y, Qu X H, Chen J W, Zheng J H, Wang J D, Zhang F M 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 090601
Google Scholar
[19] Jang H, Kim B S, Chun B J, Kang H J, Jang Y S, Kim Y W, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 7652
Google Scholar
[20] Kim Y J, Jin J H, Kim Y S, Hyun S W, Kim S W 2008 Opt. Express. 16 258
Google Scholar
[21] Kang H J, Yang J, Chun B J, Jang H, Kim B S, Kim Y J, Kim S W 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 4438
Google Scholar
[22] Schmogrow R, Nebendahl B, Winter M, Josten A, Hillerkuss D, Koenig S, Meyer J, Dreschmann M, Huebner M, Koos C, Becker J, Freude W, Leuthold J 2012 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24 61
Google Scholar
[23] 3GPP. TS 38.141: 5G NR Base Station (BS) RF Conformance Test Methods and Requirements https://www.ccsa.org.cn/tgpp/ [2023-10-6
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