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吸波材料广泛应用于国防雷达波隐身和民用电磁屏蔽领域, 吸波材料的吸波性能由复合材料的电磁参数和厚度共同决定. 在实际加工过程中, 吸波材料的反射损耗峰强度随厚度的变化关系和带宽的理论设计与工程实践存在一定偏离, 并且反射损耗吸收峰的强度随厚度变化规律和反射损耗吸收峰的带宽机理研究鲜有报道, 因此, 对吸波材料的反射损耗峰的强度随厚度的变化关系及带宽机理的深入性原理研究有着迫切的需求. 本文通过共沉淀-还原扩散工艺制备易面型Y2Co17/聚氨酯(PU)软磁复合材料并测量得到电磁参数, 基于界面反射模型研究了雷达波在吸波涂层空气界面的反射性能, 确定了匹配阻抗和吸波材料匹配厚度的依赖关系, 进一步利用匹配阻抗参数设计出4—18 GHz内不同厚度的吸波复合材料反射损耗峰强度持续稳定地小于 –10 dB, 6—18 GHz内不同厚度的吸波复合材料反射损耗峰强度持续稳定地小于 –20 dB. 根据界面反射模型对匹配厚度处反射损耗峰的带宽进行了深入的原理性讨论, 理论计算与测量值吻合.Wave absorbing materials are widely used to prevent military equipment from being detected by radar wave and also serve as civil electromagnetic shielding. The absorbing properties of wave absorbing materials are determined by a combination of the electromagnetic parameters and the thickness of the composite material. In the actual case, the theoretically designed reflection loss peak intensity and the bandwidth of wave absorbing materials deviate from the engineered values. There are few reports on the mechanism about the variation of the intensity of the reflection loss absorption peak with thickness and the bandwidth of the reflection loss absorption peak. In this work, based on an interfacial reflection model, the reflective properties of radar wave at the air interface of the absorbing coating are investigated. The dependence of the matching impedance on the matching thickness of the absorbing material is determined, and the matching impedance parameters are further used to design the absorbing composites, which exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties, i.e. an average value of reflection loss is below –10 dB at 4–18 GHz in different thickness wave absorbing materials, and an average value of reflection loss is below –20 dB at 6–18 GHz in different thickness wave absorbing materials. The bandwidth of the reflection loss peak at the matched thickness is discussed in depth in principle based on the interface reflection model, and the theoretical calculations accord with the experimental results.
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Keywords:
- rare earth soft magnetic composites /
- co-precipitation-reductive diffusion /
- interface reflection model /
- reflection peak bandwidth
[1] Lv H, Yang Z, Liu B, Wu G, Lou Z, Fei B, Wu R 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 834
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图 3 (a) Y2Co17合金磁粉的磁滞回线; (b) 体积分数为30%的Y2Co17/PU复合片状样品的面内、面外磁滞回线
Fig. 3. (a) Hysteresis loop of the Y2Co17 alloy magnetic powder; (b) in-plane and out-plane hysteresis loop of the Y2Co17 /PU with a volume fraction of 30%.
图 4 (a) Y2Co17/PU复合材料的磁导率; (b) Y2Co17/PU复合材料的介电常数
Fig. 4. (a) Complex permeability of Y2Co17/PU composites; (b) complex permittivity of Y2Co17/PU composites.
图 5 (a) 界面反射相消模型示意图; (b) 电磁波透过物体示意图; (c) Y2Co17/PU-25%在不同厚度下吸收峰所对应的频点
Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of interface reflection cancellation model; (b) schematic diagram of electromagnetic wave passing through objects; (c) frequency points corresponding to absorption peaks at different thicknesses of Y2Co17/PU-25%.
图 6 Y2Co17/PU-15%复合物的 (a) RL峰的带宽图和 (b) 四分之一波长的频率依赖性
Fig. 6. (a) Scheme of bandwidth of RL peak and (b) frequency dependent of quarter-wavelength for Y2Co17/PU-15% composites.
图 7 (a) Y2Co17/PU-15%复合材料的磁导率; (b) Y2Co17/ PU-15%复合材料的介电常数
Fig. 7. (a) Complex permeability of Y2Co17/PU composites; (b) complex permittivity of Y2Co17/PU composites.
图 8 Y2Co17磁粉复合材料的零反射参数(fm, tm)与浓度关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between zero reflection parameters (fm, tm) and volume concentration of Y2Co17 magnetic powder composites.
图 9 (a) Y2Co17/PU-15%四分之一波长厚度与频率的关系; (b) Y2Co17/PU-15%阻抗匹配与厚度的关系 ; (c), (d) Y2Co17-15%在不同厚度下吸收峰
Fig. 9. (a) Quarter wavelength thickness as a function of frequency of Y2Co17-15%; (b) impedance matching versus thickness of Y2Co17-15%; (c), (d) absorption peaks at different thicknesses of Y2Co17-15%.
图 10 指定点(RL)1 = –10 dB时, Y2Co17/PU-15%带宽的测量值和计算值随频率的变化
Fig. 10. Measured and calculated bandwidth at (RL)1 = –10 dB for Y2Co17/PU-15% composite under various frequencies.
表 1 Y2Co17磁粉复合物的零反射条件与体积浓度的关系
Table 1. Relationship between zero reflection condition and volume concentration of Y2Co17 magnetic powder composites.
Vc/% 零反射条件 $\sqrt{ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{r} }{\mu }_{\mathrm{r} } }$ $\sqrt{ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{r} }/{\mu }_{\mathrm{r} } }$ RL/dB fm/GHz tm/mm 15 18.00 1.13 3.66 3.72 –59.60 20 3.14 3.88 7.01 3.72 –52.00 25 1.85 3.95 10.20 4.04 –60.70 30 0.995 5.02 15.00 4.95 –40.56 
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表 2 指定点(RL)1 = –10 dB时, 带宽的测量值和计算值
Table 2. Calculated and measured values of bandwidth for the specified point (RL)1 = –10 dB.
f/
GHzt/
mm(RL)min/
dB$\varPi$ $\left| \dfrac{\mathrm{d}\Delta \theta}{ \mathrm{d}f} \right|$ $\varDelta_{计算}$/
GHz$\varDelta_{测量} $/
GHz6.6 2.4 –38.09 0.54 0.54 2.88 2.50 6.0 2.7 –27.4 0.56 0.63 2.34 2.01 5.336 3 –23.04 0.58 0.72 1.94 1.78 4.799 3.3 –20.28 0.60 0.78 1.70 1.68 4.35 3.6 –18.42 0.62 0.88 1.42 1.41 4.03 3.9 –17.26 0.64 0.98 1.22 1.25 3.72 4.2 –16.01 0.66 1.1 1.02 0.99 3.41 4.5 –15.26 0.67 1.17 0.92 0.92
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[1] Lv H, Yang Z, Liu B, Wu G, Lou Z, Fei B, Wu R 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 834
Google Scholar
[2] Guan B, Ding D, Wang L, Wu J, Xiong R 2017 Mater. Res. Express 4 056103
Google Scholar
[3] Qu B, Zhu C, Li C, Zhang X, Chen Y 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 3730
Google Scholar
[4] Gao S T, Zhang Y C, Xing H L, Li H X 2020 Chem. Eng. J. 387 124149
Google Scholar
[5] Wang Z, Cheng Z, Fang C, Hou X, Xie L 2020 Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 136 105956
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang H, Jia Z, Feng A, Zhou Z, Zhang C, Wang K, Liu N, Wu G 2020 Compos. Commun. 19 42
Google Scholar
[7] Wang F, Wang N, Han X, Liu D, Wang Y, Cui L, Xu P, Du Y 2019 Carbon 145 701
Google Scholar
[8] Wang P, Zhang J, Wang G, Duan B, Wang T, Li F 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 112403
Google Scholar
[9] Han R, Yi H B, Zuo W L, Wang T, Qiao L, Li F S 2012 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324 2488
Google Scholar
[10] Wu P, Zhang Y, Hao H, Qiao L, Liu X, Wang T, Li F 2022 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 549 168962
Google Scholar
[11] Qiao G, Hu Q, Zhang P, Yang W, Liu Z, Liu S, Wang C, Yang J 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 825 154179
Google Scholar
[12] Yang W, Zhang Y, Qiao G, Lai Y, Liu S, Wang C, Han J, Du H, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hou Y, Yang J B 2018 Acta Materialia 145 331
Google Scholar
[13] Yan F, Zong Y, Zhao C, Tan G, Sun Y, Li X, Ren Z, Zheng X 2018 J. Alloys Compd. 742 928
Google Scholar
[14] Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Cai K, Yang W, Han J, Liu S, Wang C, Zou R, Yang J 2021 AIP Adv. 11 015237
Google Scholar
[15] Zhuang X, Tan G, Ning M, Qi C, Ge X, Yang Z, Man Q 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 883 160835
Google Scholar
[16] Gu X, Tan G, Chen S, Man Q, Chang C, Wang X, Li R W, Che S, Jiang L 2017 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 424 39
Google Scholar
[17] Qiao L, Wang T, Mei Z L, Li X L, Sui W B, Tang L Y, Li F S 2016 Chin. Phys. Lett. 33 027502
Google Scholar
[18] Wang T, Han R, Tan G, Wei J, Qiao L, Li F 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 104903
Google Scholar
[19] Wang T, Wang H D, Tan G G, Li W, Qiao L 2015 IEEE Trans. Magn. 51 1
Google Scholar
[20] Liu J R, Itoh M, Machida K I 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4017
Google Scholar
[21] Singh P, Babbar V K, Razdan A, Puri R K, Goel T C 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 4362
Google Scholar
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