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飞秒光学频率梳对光学频率精密测量和超快科学的发展起到了至关重要的作用, 而将其拓展至极紫外波段, 即可作为阿秒脉冲、紫外非线性光学、电子跃迁光谱探测以及量子电动力学等研究的有力工具. 极紫外飞秒光学频率梳需要通过高重复频率、高峰值功率的飞秒激光驱动高次谐波间接产生. 本文从极紫外飞秒光学频率梳的产生原理出发, 首先对其驱动源参数要求以及获取方式进行了介绍, 分别对比了啁啾脉冲放大技术、光参量啁啾脉冲放大技术、光纤放大技术和飞秒共振增强放大技术用于驱动极紫外飞秒光学频率梳产生的优缺点及适用性. 其次, 针对共线和非共线产生高次谐波的两种方式, 详细阐述了国际上常用的几种极紫外飞秒光学频率梳的耦合输出方法. 最后, 从基于飞秒共振增强腔、光参量啁啾脉冲放大器和由振荡器直接产生的极紫外飞秒光学频率梳三个角度出发, 对其研究进展进行了综述, 并对目前尚待优化的问题进行了总结.Femtosecond optical frequency combs have revolutionized the precision measurement of optical frequency and ultrafast science. Furthermore, the frequency combs expended to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength could provide an effective tool in attosecond pulse generation, nonlinear optics in ultraviolet, spectroscopy of electronic transitions and experiment of quantum electrodynamics. XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs need to be indirectly obtained by means of high-harmonic generation (HHG) drived by femtosecond pulses with high-repetition rate and extremely high peak power. In this review, firstly, the generation principle and the driving laser source requirements of femtosecond pulses generation in XUV spectral range are introduced. Basing on the requirements of driving laser sources, the several femtosecond laser amplification techniques are described, such as chirped pulse amplification (CPA), optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), double cladding pumped fiber amplifier and femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC). Meanwhile, the relative merits and applicability of which for XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation are compared. Secondly, in the HHG process, the XUV is generated collinearly or non-collinearly with the optical driving field. For the collinear generation process, one of the fundamental challenges is the design of a high-efficiency XUV output coupler. Here, three methods for out-coupling the XUV are expounded. Also, the theory of non-collinear XUV generation is mentioned. Finally, some typical research progress of XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation based on fsEC, OPCPA and femtosecond oscillators are reviewed respectively, as well as the current problems that need to be optimized are summarized.
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Keywords:
- optical frequency comb /
- extreme ultraviolet /
- high harmonic generation /
- femtosecond enhancement cavity
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Google Scholar
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