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New applications for high-power microwave (HPM) have aroused the intense interest in the development of HPM sources. The relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), as one of the most promising HPM sources, has proved to be a competitive candidate for generating multi-gigawatt HPM at L, S, C, and X-band. But for the conventional RBWO, in order to maintain high conversion efficiency, a high enough magnetic field is required to confine the intense relativistic electron beam. Obviously, it can lead to high energy consumption and bulkiness. Therefore, to fulfill the requirements for applications, enhancing the conversion efficiency of the RBWO at low magnetic field has received much attention and has been investigated extensively. In this paper, we present a well-designed RBWO model with a cavity-chain modulator and a TM02 mode extractor to enhance the conversion efficiency at a low guiding magnetic field. The operation characteristics of the device are investigated in detail in this paper. Moreover, the function of each part of the device for enhancing the conversion efficiency is confirmed by the particle-in-cell simulation. In the device, the cavity-chain modulator is introduced to strengthen the beam bunching process. The TM02 extractor after the modulator increases the Q-factor of the RBWO due to its partial reflection to the outgoing microwave. The increase of the Q-factor can enhance the standing electric field in the extractor. If the phase is appropriate, the extractor can convert the kinetic beam power into the RF power efficiently. The drift tubes between the reflector, the modulator and the extractor are used to adjust the bunching phase and the conversion phase of the modulated electron beam in the RF field. Moreover, an S-band high efficiency RBWO is designed and verified by the particle-in-cell simulation. An output power of 4.2 GW at a frequency of 2.38 GHz is obtained in the simulation. And the conversion efficiency reaches 50% when the guiding magnetic field is 0.7 T. -
Keywords:
- relativistic backward wave oscillator /
- low magnetic field /
- bunched beam /
- modulator extractor
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图 1 S波段低磁场高效率HPM振荡器模拟模型
Fig. 1. Model of the S-band high efficiency HPM oscillator with low magnetic field.
图 2 不同相位Δ的调制电子束经中间腔调制后的演化规律
Fig. 2. The fundamental harmonic current distribution after the idler cavity with different phase.
图 3 调制腔链中电流和纵向电场随时间的变化
Fig. 3. The temporal plots of the current and the longitudinal electric field in the cavity-chain modulator.
图 4 调制电子束基波调制电流的演化规律
Fig. 4. The fundamental harmonic current distributions in three types of modulation structures.
图 5 TM01和TM02提取腔的传输特性
Fig. 5. The transmission characteristics of the TM01 and TM02 extractor.
图 6 采用TM01和TM02提取腔器件的频率响应
Fig. 6. The resonant characteristics of the device with TM01 and TM02 extractor.
图 7 采用TM01和TM02提取腔器件的纵向电场分布
Fig. 7. The longitudinal electric field distributions in the device with TM01 and TM02 extractor.
图 8 器件提取腔内的纵向电场幅值沿r向的分布
Fig. 8. The longitudinal electric field distribution along radial direction in the extractor.
图 9 器件内的纵向电场幅值及基波调制电流的分布
Fig. 9. The distributions of the amplitude of the longitudinal electric field and the fundamental harmonic current in the device.
图 10 提取腔中电流和纵向电场随时间的变化
Fig. 10. The temporal plots of the current and the longitudinal electric field in the extractor.
图 11 器件内的净功率流沿z向的分布
Fig. 11. The net power flux distribution in the device along axial direction.
图 12 器件输出微波功率与提取腔半径的关系
Fig. 12. The relation between the output power and the radius of the extractor.
图 13 电功率、微波功率和收集极功率随时间的变化
Fig. 13. The temporal plots of the beam power, RF power and the dumped power.
图 14 器件输出功率及效率与二极管电压的关系
Fig. 14. The relations of the output power and efficiency to the diode voltage.
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[1] Benford J, Swegle J, Schamiloglu E 2007 High Power Microwaves (2nd edition) (New Mexico: CRC Press) p313
[2] Bugaev S P, Cherepenin V A, Kanavets V I 1990 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18 525
Google Scholar
[3] Gunin A V, Klimov A I, Korovin S D, Kurkan I K, Pegel I V, Polevin S D, Roitman A M, Rostov V V, Stepchenko A S, Totmeninov E M 1998 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26 326
Google Scholar
[4] Friedman M, Krall J, Lau Y Y, Serlin V 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 171
Google Scholar
[5] 黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 59 1907
Google Scholar
Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907
Google Scholar
[6] McCurdy A H, Armstrong C M, Bollen W M, Parker R K, Granatstein V L 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 2379
Google Scholar
[7] 黄华, 吴洋, 刘振帮, 袁欢, 何琥, 李乐乐, 李正红, 金晓, 马弘舸 2018 67 088402
Google Scholar
Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402
Google Scholar
[8] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W, Shun J 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 053306
Google Scholar
[9] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 133504
Google Scholar
[10] Zhang J, Jin Z X, Yang J H, Shu T, Zhang J D, Zhong H H 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 528
Google Scholar
[11] Vlasov A N, Shkvarunets A G 2000 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28 550
Google Scholar
[12] Ge X J, Zhong H H, Zhang J, Qiao B L 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 023105
Google Scholar
[13] Li Z H, Zhou Z G, Qiu R 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 063101
Google Scholar
[14] Jin Z X, Zhang J, Yang J H, Zhong H H, Qian B L, Shu T, Zhang J D, Zhou S Y, Xu L R 2011 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 084704
Google Scholar
[15] Teng Y, Song W, Sun J, Xiao R Z, Song Z M 2012 Phys. Plasmas 111 043303
[16] Wu Y, Xie H Q, Li Z H, Zhang Y J, Ma Q S 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 113102
Google Scholar
[17] Wu Y 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 073105
Google Scholar
[18] 李正红, 常安碧, 鞠炳全, 张永辉, 向飞, 赵殿林, 甘延青, 刘忠, 苏昶, 黄华 2007 56 2603
Google Scholar
Li Z H, Chang A B, Ju B Q, Zhang Y H, Xiang F, Zhao D L, Gan Y Q, Liu Z, Su C, Huang H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 2603
Google Scholar
[19] Song W, Sun J, Shao H, Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Liu G Z 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 023302
Google Scholar
[20] Song W, Chen C H, Sun J, Zhang X W, Shao H, Song Z M, Huo S F, Shi Y C, Li X Z 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 103111
Google Scholar
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