玻璃基底Wolter-1型X射线聚焦镜研制及测试

李林森; 强鹏飞; 盛立志; 刘哲; 周晓红; 赵宝升; 张淳民

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181330

摘要

Wolter-1型X射线聚焦镜可将掠入射的X射线反射至焦平面处，具有较强的成像探测能力，在天文探测等领域中具有重要作用.通过建立几何模型对反射镜面及反射光线方程进行理论计算，推导出了适用于以玻璃为基底材料的聚焦镜设计参数方程，可用于对此类聚焦镜进行理论设计，依据理论设计，采用具有极高表面光洁度的超薄肖特D263T玻璃经热弯成型后作为反射镜基底，在反射镜表面制备金属铱薄膜作为反射膜研制了Wolter-1型反射镜组，并使用激光三维扫描仪对所研制的聚焦镜片面型进行了测试.测试结果显示，实际镜片面型与理想镜片面型公差在10 m以内的测试点占总测试点的50%.通过搭建可见光条件下的焦斑测试系统，使用图像采集相机采集焦斑的灰度图像，通过图像分析软件分析计算该灰度图像的灰度分布来定量分析焦斑的能量分布情况，从而确定焦斑特性参数.实验结果显示：研制出的聚焦镜片焦距为1.6 m，焦斑的半能量包围直径为0.33 mm，对应角分辨率为0.7角分.

关键词:

Wolter /
X射线聚焦 /
掠入射光学

Abstract

The wolter-1 X-ray focusing mirror can reflect grazing incidence X-ray to the focal plane, which plays an important role in the astronomical detection and other fields due to its good image detecting capability. A geometric model of the optical system is established for theoretically deriving the optical path equations which is useful in this glass based focusing mirror designing, all the design parameters of the focusing mirror can be obtained by solving these equations. In the manufacturing process, the D263T glass is chosen to be the structural material of the focusing mirror due to its light weight and super smooth surface, after a slumping process, the flat glass mirror will have the shape of Wolter-1 X-ray focusing mirror. This slumping process has been used successfully in the manufacturing process of an American mission named The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, which was launched in 2012. According to X-ray reflecting theory, the reflectivity of the Wolter-1 mirror can be improved significantly by coating metal film on the surface of the mirror. In this work, an iridium film is coated on the surface of the glass mirror through a vacuum evaporating process. In order to learn the influence of the focal spot caused by the mirror shape tolerance, the morphology of the mirror is tested by using a 3-D laser scan instrument. The results show that 50% of the total test points are located in the tolerance range of-10-10 m, in which the tolerance represents the difference between the actual lens profile and the ideal lens profile. Then the focal spot test is carried out with the help of a visible light test system:a laser collimator is installed in front of focusing mirror as an incidence light source, and a charge coupled device (CCD) is placed in the focal plane to gather the image of the focal spot, by calculating the gray level distribution of the focal spot image taken by the CCD, the energy distribution characteristic of focal spot can be obtained. The experimental results show that the focal length of the focusing mirror is 1.6 m, and the half-power surrounding diameter of the focal spot is 0.33 mm, corresponding to the angular resolution of 0.7 arc min.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

2.
西安交通大学理学院, 西安 710049;

3.
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室, 西安 710119

通信作者: 强鹏飞, qiangpengfei@opt.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：61471357）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

2.
School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;

3.
State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China

Corresponding author: Qiang Peng-Fei, qiangpengfei@opt.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61471357).

参考文献

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[18]	William W Z 2009 Proc. SPIE 7437 74370N
[19]	William W Z, David A C, John P L, Robert P, Timo T S, Mikhail G, William D J, Stephen L O 2005 Proc. SPIE 5900 59000V
[20]	Finn E C, Anders C J, Nicolai F B, Kristin K M, Allan H, Niels J W, Joan M, Jason K, Anne M F, Marcela S, William W C, Michael J P, David W 2011 Proc. SPIE 8147 81470U
[21]	Vikram R R, Walter R C, Fiona A H, Peter H M, Hiromasa M 2009 Proc. SPIE 7435 743503
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施引文献

[1]	Keith C G, Zaven A, Takanshi O 2016 Proc. SPIE 9905 49
[2]	Gregory P, Keith G, John P D, Richard F, Ronald R, Andrew M, Beverly L, Michael V, Mark E, Jesus V, Zaven A, Wayne B, Frank S, Christian L, Michael K, Alan H 2016 Proc. SPIE 9905 50
[3]	Beverly L, Gregory P, Ronald R, Andrew M, Keith C G, Zaven A, Craig B M, Wayne H B 2016 Proc. SPIE 9905 228
[4]	Takashi O, Yang S, Erin R B, Teruaki E, Larry O, Richard K, Larry L, John K, Sean F, Ai N, Steven J K, Zaven A, Keith G 2016 Proc. SPIE 9905 99054X-1
[5]	Jason E K, Hongjun A, Kenneth L B, Nicolai F B, Finn E C, William W C, Todd A D, Charles J H, Layton C H, Fiona A H, Carsten P J, Kristin K M, Kaya M, Michael J P, Gordon T, William W Z 2009 Proc. SPIE 7437 74370C-1
[6]	Jason E K, Finn E C, William W C, Todd R D, Charles J H, Fiona A H, Colin H, Carsten P J, Kristin K M, Marcela S, Gordon T, Michael D T 2005 Proc. SPIE 5900 79000X
[7]	Jensen C P, Christensen F E, Jensen A, Madsen K K 2005 Proc. SPIE 5900 5900-07
[8]	Koglin J E, Chen C M H, Christensen F E, Chonko J, Craig W W, Decker T R, Gunderson K S, Hailey C J, Harrison F A, Jensen C P, Madsen M, Stern M, Windt D L, Ziegler H Y 2004 Proc. SPIE 5168 100
[9]	Yuan W M, Zhang C, Chen Y, et al. 2018 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 039502
[10]	Li Z Y 2018 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 039512
[11]	Xue Y Q, Shu X W, Zhou X L, Zhang J, Wu X B, Wang J X, Wang T G, Yuan F, Luo B, Pan H W 2018 Sci. Sin.: Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 039508
[12]	Zhang S N 2017 Academic Annual Conference Wulumuqi August 8 2017 p5
[13]	Li C Y 2018 Chinese J. Space Science 3 273
[14]	Liu D, Qiang P F, Li L S, Su T, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A, Zhao B S 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 010703 (in Chinese)[刘舵, 强鹏飞, 李林森, 苏桐, 盛立志, 刘永安, 赵宝升 2016 65 010703]
[15]	Liu D, Qiang P F, Li L S, Liu Z, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A, Zhao B S 2016 Acta Opt. Sin. 36 0834002 (in Chinese)[刘舵, 强鹏飞, 李林森, 刘哲, 盛立志, 刘永安, 赵宝升 2016 光学学报 36 0834002]
[16]	Li L S, Qiang P F, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A, Liu Z, Liu D, Zhao B S, Zhang C M 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 100703
[17]	William W C, Hong J A, Kenneth L B, Finn E C, Todd A D, Anne F, Jeff G, Charles J H, Layton H, Carsten B J, Jason E K, Kaya M, Melanie N, Michael J P, Marton V S, Marcela S, Gordon T, William W Z 2011 Proc. SPIE 8147 81470H
[18]	William W Z 2009 Proc. SPIE 7437 74370N
[19]	William W Z, David A C, John P L, Robert P, Timo T S, Mikhail G, William D J, Stephen L O 2005 Proc. SPIE 5900 59000V
[20]	Finn E C, Anders C J, Nicolai F B, Kristin K M, Allan H, Niels J W, Joan M, Jason K, Anne M F, Marcela S, William W C, Michael J P, David W 2011 Proc. SPIE 8147 81470U
[21]	Vikram R R, Walter R C, Fiona A H, Peter H M, Hiromasa M 2009 Proc. SPIE 7435 743503
[22]	Li L S, Liu Y A, Kong L G, Liu D, Qiang P F, Zhao B S 2016 Acta Photonic Sin. 45 41 (in Chinese)[李林森, 刘永安, 孔令高, 刘舵, 强鹏飞, 赵宝升 2016 光子学报 45 41]

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