聚噻吩单链量子热输运的第一性原理研究

吴宇; 蔡绍洪; 邓明森; 孙光宇; 刘文江

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20171198

摘要

聚噻吩块体通常被视为绝热材料，其热导率小于1 Wm-1K-1.但近年发现对于室温下沿聚噻吩分子链方向排列的无定形聚噻吩纳米纤维，其热导率高于聚噻吩块体，可达4.4 Wm-1K-1.为了相对准确地揭示纳米尺度聚噻吩单链热输运的微观特征，从量子力学出发，在密度泛函理论计算的基础上，应用中间插入延展方法结合非平衡格林函数方法，对长度为25.107 nm、包含448个原子的聚噻吩单链的量子热输运及其同位素效应进行了研究，并与分子动力学方法模拟的结果进行了详细比较.结果表明：室温下32 nm长的纯聚噻吩单链热导率上限高达30.2 Wm-1K-1，与铅的热导率35 Wm-1K-1相近；相同掺杂比例（原子百分数）下C元素热导的同位素效应比S元素显著；室温下聚噻吩单链中12C，13C等比例随机掺杂时的同位素效应最为显著，此时聚噻吩单链的平均热导至少降低了30%；室温下纯聚噻吩单链的热导随C的相对原子质量增加近似呈反比例减小，随S的相对原子质量增加呈非线性单调增加.该研究对认识和调控聚噻吩这种新型功能材料的热输运特性具有积极的价值.

关键词:

Abstract

Bulk polythiophene material is usually regarded as thermal insulator because it has low thermal conductivity (less than 1 Wm-1K-1). However, the report demonstrates that along the amorphous polythiophene nanofiber axis, the pure polythiophene nanofibers have high thermal conductivity (more than 4.4 Wm-1K-1), which is obviously higher than that of the bulk polythiophene material. In order to throw light on this situation, molecular dynamics (MD) method is used to detect the high thermal conductivity of a polythiophene chain. However, the MD method is highly sensitive to the choice of empirical potential function or simulation method. Even if the same potential function (ReaxFF potential function) is adopted, the thermal conductivity of a polythiophene chain could also have obviously different results. To overcome the instability of MD method, we use the first-principles to calculate the force constant tensor. In such a case the properties of quantum mechanics in a polythiophene chain can be reflected. In our algorithm, several disadvantages of MD that different potential functions or different simulation methods probably lead to very different thermal conductivities for the same transport system are avoided. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the central insertion scheme (CIS) method and nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach are used to evaluate the isotope effect on thermal transport in a polythiophene chain, which includes 448 atoms in a scattering region and has a length of 25.107 nm. It is found that the thermal conductivity of a 32-nm-long pure polythiophene chain reaches 30.2 Wm-1K-1, which is close to the thermal conductivity of lead at room temperature. The reduction of average thermal conductance caused by C atom impurity is more remarkable than by S for a pure polythiophene chain when the mixing ratios of 13C to 12C and 36S to 32S are equal. The most outstanding isotope effect on quantum thermal transport appears when the mixing ratio of 13C to 12C is 1:1. It will cause the average thermal conductance to decrease by at least 30% in the polythiophene chain at room temperature. Moreover, we find that the thermal conductance of a pure polythiophene chain is inversely proportional to the atomic weight of carbon, and increases nonlinearly with the increasing atomic weight of sulfur. It is of significance to optimize the thermal conductance properties of polythiophene function material.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
贵州大学大数据与信息工程学院, 贵阳 550025;

2.
贵州师范学院物理与电子科学学院, 应用物理研究所, 贵阳 550018;

3.
贵州师范学院, 贵州省纳米材料模拟与计算重点实验室, 贵阳 550018;

4.
贵州财经大学, 贵州省经济系统仿真重点实验室, 贵阳 550025

通信作者: 蔡绍洪, caish@mail.gufe.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11264005）、贵州省科学技术基金（批准号：黔科合J字[2012]2292号）和贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目（批准号：黔教合KY字[2014]307）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;

2.
Institute of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;

3.
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;

4.
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Economic System Simulation, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China

Corresponding author: Cai Shao-Hong, caish@mail.gufe.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11264005), the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province, China (Grant No.[2012]2292), and the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Guizhou Province, China (Grant No.[2014]307).

参考文献

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[38]	Hu M, Giapis K P, Goicochea J V, Zhang X, Poulikakos D 2011 Nano Lett. 11 618
[39]	Liu Y Y, Zhou W X, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 203111
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[41]	Zhou W X, Chen K Q 2015 Carbon 85 24

施引文献

[1]	Reecht G, Scheurer F, Speisser V, Dappe Y J, Mathevet F, Schull G 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 047403
[2]	Bulumulla C, Du J, Washington K E, Kularatne R N, Nguyen H Q, Michael C B, Stefan M C 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 2473
[3]	Singh V, Bougher T L, Weathers A, Singh V, Bougher T L, Weathers A, Cai Y, Bi K, Pettes M T, McMenamin S A, Lv W, Resler D P, Gattuso T R, Altman D H, Sandhage K H, Shi L, Henry A, Cola B A 2014 Nature Nanotech. 9 384
[4]	Cowen L M, Atoyo J, Carnie M J, Baran D, Schroeder B C 2017 ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 6 3080
[5]	Chen X B, Duan W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 186302 (in Chinese)[陈晓彬,段文晖 2015 64 186302]
[6]	Bouzzine S M, Salgado-Morn G, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M, Pacheco A G, Glossman-Mitnik D 2015 J. Chem. 2015 296386
[7]	Tan Z W, Wang J S, Chee K G 2011 Nano Lett. 11 214
[8]	Xu Y, Chen X B, Gu B L, Duan W H 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 233116
[9]	Xie Z X, Tang L M, Pan C N, Li K M, Chen K Q, Duan W H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 073105
[10]	Ouyang T, Chen Y P, Xie Y, Wei X L, Yang K K, Yang P, Zhong J X 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 245403
[11]	Zhang H J, Lee G, Fonseca A F, Borders T L, Cho K 2010 J. Nanomater. 7 537657
[12]	Sevinli H, Sevik C, aın T, Cuniberti G 2013 Nature. Sci. Rep. 3 1228
[13]	Chen S S, Wu Q Z, Mishra C, Kang J Y, Zhang H J, Cho K, Cai W W, Balandin A A, Ruoff R S 2012 Nature Mater. 11 203
[14]	Chang C W, Fennimore A M, Afanasiev A, Okawa D, Ikuno T, Garcia H, Li D Y, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 085901
[15]	Shen S, Henry A, Tong J, Zheng R T, Chen G 2010 Nature Nanotech. 5 251
[16]	Jiang J W, Zhao J H, Zhou K, Rabczuk T 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 124304
[17]	Lv W, Winters M, Deangelis F, Weinberg G, Henry A 2017 J. Phys. Chem. A 121 5586
[18]	Gao B, Jiang J, Liu K, Wu Z Y, Lu W, Luo Y 2007 J. Comput. Chem. 29 434
[19]	Jiang J, Liu K, Lu W, Luo Y 2006 J. Chem. Phys. 124 214711
[20]	Taylor J, Guo H, Wang J 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 245407
[21]	Wang J S, Wang J, L J T 2008 Eur. Phys. J. B 62 381
[22]	Yamamoto T, Watanabe S, Watanabe K 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 075502
[23]	Mingo N, Yang L 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 245406
[24]	Satoh M, Yamasaki H, Aoki S, Yoshino K 1988 Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Inc. Nonlinear Opt. 159 289
[25]	Mingo N, Stewart D A, Broido D A, Srivastava D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 033418
[26]	Nikolić B K, Saha K K, Markussen T, Thygesen K S 2012 J. Comput. Electron. 11 78
[27]	Hu W P, Jiang J, Nakashima H, Luo Y, Kashimura Y, Chen K Q, Shuai Z, Furukawa K, Lu W, Liu Y Q, Zhu D B, Torimitsu K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 027801
[28]	Jiang J, Gao B, Han T T, Fu Y 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 092110
[29]	Jiang J, Sun L, Gao B, Wu Z Y, Lu W, Yang J L, Luo Y 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 094303
[30]	Savic I, Mingo N, Stewart D A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 165502
[31]	Stewart D A, Savic I, Mingo N 2009 Nano Lett. 9 81
[32]	Markussen T, Jauho A P, Brandbyge M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 035415
[33]	Markussen T, Rurali R, Jauho A P, Brandbyge M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 076803
[34]	Rego L G C, Kirczenow G 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 232
[35]	Fu M X, Shi G Q, Chen F G, Hong X Y 2002 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4 2685
[36]	Jiang J W, Lan J H, Wang J S, Li B W 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 054314
[37]	Yang N, Zhang G, Li B W 2008 Nano Lett. 8 276
[38]	Hu M, Giapis K P, Goicochea J V, Zhang X, Poulikakos D 2011 Nano Lett. 11 618
[39]	Liu Y Y, Zhou W X, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 203111
[40]	Zhou W X, Chen K Q 2014 Nature. Sci. Rep. 4 7150
[41]	Zhou W X, Chen K Q 2015 Carbon 85 24

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