超小型条纹管的动态特性研究

惠丹丹; 田进寿; 王俊锋; 卢裕; 温文龙; 徐向晏

doi:10.7498/aps.65.018502

摘要

基于条纹相机的非推扫式激光雷达可以实现三维多光谱荧光及偏振成像, 克服了传统雷达技术中由于目标和搭载平台之间相对移动形成的图像畸变, 图像刷新率高, 也便于小型化. 本文针对这一新技术发展的需求设计了一款大面积(阴极有效面积 25)、超小型(阴极到荧光屏净尺寸为100 mm)、无栅网、球面阴极、球面荧光屏的条纹管, 利用电子轨迹追踪法理论分析了偏转板位置对偏转灵敏度和空间分辨率的影响. 动态分析演示了从阴极面狭缝上同时出发的光电子在条纹管内部不同飞行阶段的时间畸变过程, 给出了条纹管在扫描工作模式下狭缝像弯曲所对应的定量时间畸变值. 该条纹管极限时间分辨率优于30 ps, 在其阴极狭缝长28 mm的范围内, 边缘动态空间分辨率大于10 lp/mm, 阴极狭缝为30 mm50 m时条纹管的动态时间分辨率优于50 ps, 放大倍率为1.2.

关键词:

Abstract

Scannerless (flash) lidar system based on streak camera is able to realize three-dimensional (3D) multi-spectral fluorescence imaging and 3D imaging polarimetry. Compared with conventional lidar system, the flash lidar system overcomes image distortions caused by the motion between the target and the sensor platform. Other advantages of the flash lidar system are higher image update rates and the potential for creating a miniaturized lidar system. To meet the requirements for developing this new technology, a super small-sized, large photocathode area and meshless streak tube with spherical cathode and screen is designed with the aid of computer simulation technology (CST) software. The tube with nearly 28 mm wide photocathode work area contains two electrostatic focusing lens, a pair of deflection plates, and a 50 mm diameter output screen. The external dimension of the tube is merely 50 mm100 mm. And its electromagnetic fields are calculated in the CST Particle Studio based on the finite integration theory. Some dynamic properties of the tube are analyzed via observing different electron trajectories launched from a number of different points on the cathode. The influences of the deflector position on deflection sensitivity and spatial resolution are analyzed. Increasing the distance between the deflector and the anode pin hole leads to a worse deflection sensitivity but a better spatial resolution. As for the temporal resolution, three electron pulses separated by 30 ps can be well resolved by the streak tube in the dynamic mode. Thus, the dynamic temporal resolution of the streak tube is better than 30 ps. And a 10 lp/mm spatial resolution across the 28 mm long slit on the photocathode can be obtained by estimating modulation transfer functions of the electron trajectories. Temporal distortions at the entire photocathode working area are evaluated, and the data reveal that the larger the photocathode working area, the bigger the temporal distortions are. Also, the temporal distortion is present mainly in the photocathode-to-deflection plates region. In addition, the slit image of the streak tube working in the dynamic mode is simulated and presented. The phenomenon that the slit image is curved due to the temporal distortion is analyzed. Two rectangular electron pulses separated by 50 ps are well resolved by the streak tube. Therefore, the temporal resolution of this small-size steak tube is better than 50 ps with a rectangular slit dimension of 30 mm50 m on the photocathode, and its electron-optic magnification is 1.2.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 超快诊断技术重点实验室, 西安 710119;

2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

通信作者: 田进寿, tianjs@opt.ac.cn

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China;

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Tian Jin-Shou, tianjs@opt.ac.cn

参考文献

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[2]	Zhu M, Tian J S, Wen W L, Wang J F, Cao X B, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Sai X F, Liu H L, Wang X, Li W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 098501 (in Chinese) [朱敏, 田进寿, 温文龙, 王俊锋, 曹希斌, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 赛小锋, 刘虎林, 王兴, 李伟华 2015 64 098501]
[3]	Gelbart A, Redman B C, Light R S, Schwartzlow C A, Griffis A J 2002 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, July 29, 2002 p9
[4]	Mclean J W 1999 Proceedings of SPIE on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging Denver, Colorado, USA, October 28, 1999 p10
[5]	Gao J, Sun J F, Wang Q 2014 Optik 125 5199
[6]	Sun J F, Wang T J, Wang X F, Wei J S, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 2674
[7]	Yang H R, Wu L, Wang X P, Chen C, Yu B, Yang B, Yuan L, Wu L P, Xue Z L, Li G P, Wu B N 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 8825
[8]	Gleckler A D 2000 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 5, 2000 p266
[9]	Gleckler A D, Gelbart A 2001 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 19, 2001 p175
[10]	Liu J, Wang Q, Li S, Cheng Y, Wei J 2009 Laser Phys. 19 115
[11]	Sun J F, Liu J B, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 204
[12]	Tian Z S, Cui Z H, Zhang L T, Xu T C, Zhang Y C, Fu S Y 2014 Chin. Opt. Lett. 12 060015
[13]	Niu H 1983 Proceedings of SPIE on High Speed Photography and Photonics San Diego, March 1, 1983 p231
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[16]	Liu H B 2004 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS) (in Chinese) [刘宏波 2004 硕士学位论文 (西安: 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
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施引文献

[1]	Liu R, Tian J S, Li H, Wang Q Q, Wang C, Wen W L, Lu Y, Liu H L, Cao X B, Wang J F, Xu X Y, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 058501 (in Chinese) [刘蓉, 田进寿, 李昊, 王强强, 王超, 温文龙, 卢裕, 刘虎林, 曹希斌, 王俊锋, 徐向晏, 王兴 2014 63 058501]
[2]	Zhu M, Tian J S, Wen W L, Wang J F, Cao X B, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Sai X F, Liu H L, Wang X, Li W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 098501 (in Chinese) [朱敏, 田进寿, 温文龙, 王俊锋, 曹希斌, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 赛小锋, 刘虎林, 王兴, 李伟华 2015 64 098501]
[3]	Gelbart A, Redman B C, Light R S, Schwartzlow C A, Griffis A J 2002 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, July 29, 2002 p9
[4]	Mclean J W 1999 Proceedings of SPIE on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging Denver, Colorado, USA, October 28, 1999 p10
[5]	Gao J, Sun J F, Wang Q 2014 Optik 125 5199
[6]	Sun J F, Wang T J, Wang X F, Wei J S, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 2674
[7]	Yang H R, Wu L, Wang X P, Chen C, Yu B, Yang B, Yuan L, Wu L P, Xue Z L, Li G P, Wu B N 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 8825
[8]	Gleckler A D 2000 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 5, 2000 p266
[9]	Gleckler A D, Gelbart A 2001 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 19, 2001 p175
[10]	Liu J, Wang Q, Li S, Cheng Y, Wei J 2009 Laser Phys. 19 115
[11]	Sun J F, Liu J B, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 204
[12]	Tian Z S, Cui Z H, Zhang L T, Xu T C, Zhang Y C, Fu S Y 2014 Chin. Opt. Lett. 12 060015
[13]	Niu H 1983 Proceedings of SPIE on High Speed Photography and Photonics San Diego, March 1, 1983 p231
[14]	Weiland T 1996 Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Network. Dev. Field. 9 295
[15]	Hua Z Y, Gu C X 1993 Electron Optics (Shanghai: Fudan University Press) p241 (in Chinese) [华中一, 顾昌鑫 1993 电子光学 (上海: 复旦大学出版社)第 241 页]
[16]	Liu H B 2004 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS) (in Chinese) [刘宏波 2004 硕士学位论文 (西安: 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
[17]	Tian J S, Zhao B S, Wu J J, Zhao W, Liu Y Q, Zhang J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3368 (in Chinese) [田进寿, 赵宝升, 吴建军, 赵卫, 刘运全, 张杰 2006 55 3368]

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