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提出一种基于背景最佳滤波尺度的红外图像复杂度评价准则来解决传统方法评价背景效果较差的问题. 同时, 这种方法还可以为红外图像滤波提供最佳高通滤波尺度信息, 从而对红外图像进行性能最佳滤波. 首先, 生成高斯仿真目标并与红外图像进行融合, 获得包含仿真目标及真实红外背景的图像. 然后, 在不同高斯滤波尺度下对图像滤波, 并计算滤波后仿真目标的信噪比. 最后, 取滤波后目标信噪比最大时的滤波尺度作为背景最佳滤波尺度, 使用该尺度可评价红外图像的复杂度. 另外, 本文还使用数学模型推导了红外图像最佳滤波尺度, 得出最佳滤波尺度的数学表达式. 大量实验表明: 1) 本文推导的最佳滤波尺度数学表达式与实验曲线吻合. 2) 这种方法在评价红外图像复杂度方面比传统的基于信息熵的方法效果要好很多. 并且这种方法获取的红外背景复杂度为滤波最佳尺度, 可以直接利用这项指标对图像进行最佳滤波从而更好地检测弱小目标. 3) 仿真目标尺度越大, 最佳滤波尺度也会相应增大. 因此, 在评价图像复杂度时, 应使用相同尺度的仿真目标, 不同图像之间才具备可比性. 同时, 最佳滤波尺度与仿真目标的强度无关. 4) 本文算法使用的滤波器宜用高斯及Butterworth高通滤波器实现. 5) 本文提出的方法不仅可以有效分析红外视频的复杂度, 并且可以通过复杂度的变化分析图像内容的突变.An evaluation of infrared image complexity is proposed based on the background optimal filtering to solve the problem that the traditional methods have given poor results in the background evaluation. Meanwhile, the optimal filtering scale for infrared image filtering can be given by this method, it will provide a guidance for optimal infrared image filtering. First, we generate the Gaussian simulated target and fuse it to the infrared image to obtain the real infrared image with the simulated target. Then, this image is filtered in different scales and the signal-to-noise ratio of the target after filtering is calculated. Finally, the maximal value of signal-to-noise ratio of the target is used as the background optimal filter scale, to evaluate the infrared image complexity. Besides, the infrared filtering scale is deduced by establishing the mathematic model, and then the mathematical expression of optimal filtering scale is obtained. A lot of experiments indicate that: 1) The mathematical expression of optimal filtering scale agrees with the experimental results. 2) The result of our method is better than that of the traditional methods based on information entropy. Because the optimal filtering scale is obtained by using our method, we can use this scale to filter the infrared image to effectively detect a small target. 3) When the scale of simulated target increases, the optimal filtering scale increases accordingly. So, when we calculate the infrared image complexity, the scale of simulated target must be the same. We can compare the infrared image complexity between different images. Moreover, the optimal filtering scale is independent of the intensity of simulated target. 4) The effect of Gaussian and Butterworth high-pass filter is better than that of the ideal high-pass filter in the proposed method. 5) The infrared image complexity can be analyzed by the proposed method effectively. Moreover, changes of different image contents can be analyzed by using the optimal filtering scale.
[1] Zhou B, Wang Y Z, Ying J J 2007 Infrared Technology 25 30 (in Chinese) [周冰, 王永仲, 应家驹 2007 红外技术 25 30]
[2] Zhang H J, Liang Y, Cheng Y M, Pan Q, Zhang H C 2006 Infrared Technology 28 423 (in Chinese) [张惠娟, 梁彦, 程咏梅, 潘泉, 张洪才 2006 红外技术 28 423]
[3] Chen Y 1989 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 25 343
[4] Reed I S, Gagliardi R M, Stotts L B 1990 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 26 434
[5] Gao C Q, Zhan T Q, Li Q, Jing X R 2008 Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommuni cations(Natural Science Edition) 37 907 (in Chinese) [高陈强, 张天骐, 李强, 景小荣 2010 重庆邮电大学学报 (自然科学版) 37 907]
[6] Xi X L, Zhou X D, Zhang J 2012 System Engineering and Electronics 34 40 (in Chinese) [奚晓梁, 周晓东, 张健 2012 系统工程与电子技术 34 40]
[7] Qin H L, Li J, Zhou H X, Lai R, Liu S Q 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 162 (in Chinese) [秦翰林, 李佳, 周慧鑫, 赖睿, 刘上乾 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 162]
[8] Wang J, Fu Y Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 090206
[9] Jiang B, Wang H Q, Li X, Guo G R 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3985 (in Chinese) [姜斌, 王宏强, 黎湘, 郭桂蓉 2006 55 3985]
[10] Zhang L, Yang Y, Wang J G, Zhao X, Fang Z L, Yuan X C 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054202
[11] Hou W, Yu Q F, Lei Z H, Liu X C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 074211 (in Chinese) [侯旺, 于起峰, 雷志辉, 刘晓春 2014 63 074211]
[12] Zhang W Z, Cheng Z B, Xia B F, Ling B, Cao X Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044212
[13] Wu Y R, Cheng Y M, Zhao Y Q, Gao S B 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 142 (in Chinese) [吴燕茹, 程咏梅, 赵永强, 高仕博 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 142]
[14] Cao Y, Liu R, Yang J 2008 Int J. Infrared Milli Waves 29 385
[15] Cao Y, Yang J, Liu R M 2009 J. Infrared Millim Waves 28 235 (in Chinese) [曹原, 杨杰, 刘瑞明 2009 红外与毫米波学报 28 235]
[16] Gu Y, Wang C, Liu B, Zhang Y 2010 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 7 469
[17] Zhao J J, Tang Z Y, Yang J, Liu E Q 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 156 (in Chinese) [赵佳佳, 唐峥远, 杨杰, 刘尔琦, 周越 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 156]
[18] Hua L L, Xu N, Yang G 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 064201
[19] Chen X, Zhang J S 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 096401
[20] Jiang D 2001 The Theory of Information and Coding (Hefei: Publishing House of the University of Science and Technology of China) p126 (in Chinese) [姜丹 2001 信息论与编码(合肥: 中国科技大学出版社) 第126页]
[21] Yang L 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University) (in Chinese) [杨磊 2006 博士学位论文 (上海: 上海交通大学)]
[22] Kim S, Lee J 2011 Pattern Anal. Applic. 14 57
[23] Reed I S, Gagliardi R M, Shao H M 1983 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 19 898
[24] Reed I, Gagliardi R, Stotts L 1988 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 24 327
[25] Liang D C, Wei M G, Gu J Q, Ying Z P, Ou Y C M, Tian Z, He M X, Han J G, Zhang W L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 214102 (in Chinese) [梁达川, 魏明贵, 谷建强, 尹治平, 欧阳春梅, 田震, 何明霞, 韩家广, 张伟力 2014 63 214102]
[26] Dai Y, Zhang J X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 104203
[27] Qiao L Y, Xu L X, Gao M 2013 Infrared Technology 35 88 (in Chinese) [乔立永, 徐立新, 高敏 2013 红外技术 35 88]
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[1] Zhou B, Wang Y Z, Ying J J 2007 Infrared Technology 25 30 (in Chinese) [周冰, 王永仲, 应家驹 2007 红外技术 25 30]
[2] Zhang H J, Liang Y, Cheng Y M, Pan Q, Zhang H C 2006 Infrared Technology 28 423 (in Chinese) [张惠娟, 梁彦, 程咏梅, 潘泉, 张洪才 2006 红外技术 28 423]
[3] Chen Y 1989 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 25 343
[4] Reed I S, Gagliardi R M, Stotts L B 1990 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 26 434
[5] Gao C Q, Zhan T Q, Li Q, Jing X R 2008 Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommuni cations(Natural Science Edition) 37 907 (in Chinese) [高陈强, 张天骐, 李强, 景小荣 2010 重庆邮电大学学报 (自然科学版) 37 907]
[6] Xi X L, Zhou X D, Zhang J 2012 System Engineering and Electronics 34 40 (in Chinese) [奚晓梁, 周晓东, 张健 2012 系统工程与电子技术 34 40]
[7] Qin H L, Li J, Zhou H X, Lai R, Liu S Q 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 162 (in Chinese) [秦翰林, 李佳, 周慧鑫, 赖睿, 刘上乾 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 162]
[8] Wang J, Fu Y Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 090206
[9] Jiang B, Wang H Q, Li X, Guo G R 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3985 (in Chinese) [姜斌, 王宏强, 黎湘, 郭桂蓉 2006 55 3985]
[10] Zhang L, Yang Y, Wang J G, Zhao X, Fang Z L, Yuan X C 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054202
[11] Hou W, Yu Q F, Lei Z H, Liu X C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 074211 (in Chinese) [侯旺, 于起峰, 雷志辉, 刘晓春 2014 63 074211]
[12] Zhang W Z, Cheng Z B, Xia B F, Ling B, Cao X Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044212
[13] Wu Y R, Cheng Y M, Zhao Y Q, Gao S B 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 142 (in Chinese) [吴燕茹, 程咏梅, 赵永强, 高仕博 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 142]
[14] Cao Y, Liu R, Yang J 2008 Int J. Infrared Milli Waves 29 385
[15] Cao Y, Yang J, Liu R M 2009 J. Infrared Millim Waves 28 235 (in Chinese) [曹原, 杨杰, 刘瑞明 2009 红外与毫米波学报 28 235]
[16] Gu Y, Wang C, Liu B, Zhang Y 2010 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 7 469
[17] Zhao J J, Tang Z Y, Yang J, Liu E Q 2011 J. Infrared Millim Waves 30 156 (in Chinese) [赵佳佳, 唐峥远, 杨杰, 刘尔琦, 周越 2011 红外与毫米波学报 30 156]
[18] Hua L L, Xu N, Yang G 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 064201
[19] Chen X, Zhang J S 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 096401
[20] Jiang D 2001 The Theory of Information and Coding (Hefei: Publishing House of the University of Science and Technology of China) p126 (in Chinese) [姜丹 2001 信息论与编码(合肥: 中国科技大学出版社) 第126页]
[21] Yang L 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University) (in Chinese) [杨磊 2006 博士学位论文 (上海: 上海交通大学)]
[22] Kim S, Lee J 2011 Pattern Anal. Applic. 14 57
[23] Reed I S, Gagliardi R M, Shao H M 1983 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 19 898
[24] Reed I, Gagliardi R, Stotts L 1988 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 24 327
[25] Liang D C, Wei M G, Gu J Q, Ying Z P, Ou Y C M, Tian Z, He M X, Han J G, Zhang W L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 214102 (in Chinese) [梁达川, 魏明贵, 谷建强, 尹治平, 欧阳春梅, 田震, 何明霞, 韩家广, 张伟力 2014 63 214102]
[26] Dai Y, Zhang J X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 104203
[27] Qiao L Y, Xu L X, Gao M 2013 Infrared Technology 35 88 (in Chinese) [乔立永, 徐立新, 高敏 2013 红外技术 35 88]
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