三维空间行人疏散的元胞自动机模型

胡俊; 游磊

doi:10.7498/aps.63.080507

摘要

为了有效刻画行人在三维空间中的疏散状况，结合阶梯因素提出了一种新的三维元胞自动机模型. 该模型首先基于位置吸引力和碰撞可能性给出了行人移动概率的计算公式，并通过定义元胞演化过程阐述其疏散策略. 同时，利用建立的仿真平台进行实验，深入分析了疏散时间、出口流率、出口宽度、初始行人密度以及系统平均速度之间的关系，以此获得更加符合实际情况的行人流特征. 结果表明，疏散时间、出口流率与初始行人密度呈现正相关，而与出口宽度呈现负相关，并且系统平均速度和出口宽度对于最优疏散时间存在一个理想阈值.

关键词:

行人 /
疏散 /
三维元胞自动机 /
碰撞

Abstract

In order to effectively depict the evacuation process in three-dimensional space, combining with the ladder factors, a novel three-dimensional cellular automata model is proposed. Based on the position attraction and collision possibility, the model presents a formula for calculating the transition probability, and expounds the evacuation strategy through defining the cellular evolutionary process. Meanwhile, experiments are conducted using the simulation platform to study the relationships between evacuation time, exit flow rate, exit width, original pedestrian density and system average velocity. The results show that evacuation time and exit flow rate have a positive correlation with original pedestrian density, and a negative correlation with exit width; in addition, concerning the optimum evacuation time, there exists a desirable threshold value for system average velocity and exit width.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

胡俊¹,
游磊²

1.
北京交通大学交通运输学院, 北京 100044;

2.
电子科技大学电子工程学院, 成都 611130

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：61304187）、新世纪优秀人才支持计划（批准号：NCET-12-0764）和四川省科技计划（批准号：2014JY0111）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Hu Jun¹,
You Lei²

1.
School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;

2.
School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611130, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61304187), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (Grant No. NCET-12-0764), and the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2014JY0111).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Zhu N, Jia B, Shao C F, Yue H 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 050501
[2]	Guo R Y, Guo X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 018901
[3]	Qiu B, Tan H L, Kong L J, Liu M R 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 990
[4]	Yue H, Zhang X, Chen G, Shao C F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 130509 (in Chinese) [岳昊, 张旭, 陈刚, 邵春福 2012 61 130509]
[5]	Xie J J, Xue Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 194502 (in Chinese) [谢积鉴, 薛郁 2012 61 194502]
[6]	Zhou J W, Kuang H, Liu M R, Kong L J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3001 (in Chinese) [周金旺, 邝华, 刘慕仁, 孔令江 2009 58 3001]
[7]	Helbing D, Schweitzer F, Keltsch J, Molnar P 1997 Phys. Rev. E 56 2527
[8]	Yusuke T, Kouhei T, Takashi N 2001 Physica A 294 257
[9]	Yusuke T, Takashi N 2002 Physica A 303 239
[10]	Yusuke T, Takashi N 2001 Physica A 292 545
[11]	Song W G, Yu Y F, Fan W C, Zhang H P 2005 Sci. China E 35 725 (in Chinese) [宋卫国, 于彦飞, 范维澄, 张和平 2005 中国科学 E 35 725]
[12]	Kirchner A, Schadschneider A 2002 Physica A 312 260
[13]	Kirchner A, Nishinari K, Schadschneider A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 056112
[14]	Chen L, Guo R Y, Ta N 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 050506 (in Chinese) [陈亮, 郭仁拥, 塔娜 2013 62 050506]
[15]	Yong G, Huang H J, Xu Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 010506 (in Chinese) [永贵, 黄海军, 许岩 2013 62 010506]
[16]	Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T 2000 Nature 407 487
[17]	Xie D F, Gao Z Y, Zhao X M, Wang D Z 2012 Physica A 391 2390
[18]	Yang L Z, Fang W F, Huang R, Deng Z H 2002 Chi. Sci. Bull. 47 896 (in Chinese) [杨立中, 方伟峰, 黄锐, 邓志华 2002 科学通报 47 896]
[19]	Tanimoto J, Hagishima A, Tanaka Y 2010 Physica A 389 5611
[20]	Yue H, Shao C F, Guang H Z, Duan L M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4499 (in Chinese) [岳昊, 邵春福, 关宏志, 段龙梅 2010 59 4499]
[21]	Takashi N, Ryoichi N 2004 Physica A 341 638
[22]	Varas A, Cornejo M D, Mainemer D, Toledo B, Rogana J, Munñoz V, Valdivia J A 2007 Physica A 382 631

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