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To reveal the correlation between the anisotropy of electromagnetic absorbing metastructure and the radar cross section (RCS) of its curved components, the typical anisotropic hexagonal honeycomb (HH) metastructure and isotropic sheet gyroid (SG) metastructure are systematically studied. Both conformal mapping and non-conformal mapping methods are employed for designing the conformal curved components. These designs are compared using simulation and microwave anechoic chamber testing to evaluate their RCSs. The results indicate that the RCS of isotropic sheet gyroid curved components is insensitive to design methods, exhibiting strong design method and absorbing robustness; however, the RCS of anisotropic hexagonal honeycomb curved components exhibits strong dependence on design methods. Compared with anisotropic structures, metastructures with electromagnetic isotropy have significant advantages in achieving wide-angle and robust low-scattering characteristics of curved components, with lower dependence on design and processing. This study provides important design guidance for developing high-performance radar low-scattering components.
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Keywords:
- electromagnetic absorbing metastructure /
- electromagnetic anisotropic /
- conformal design /
- additive manufacturing
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图 1 (a)六边形蜂窝超结构单元; (b)面状Gyroid超结构单元
Figure 1. (a) Hexagonal honeycomb metastructure unit; (b) sheet gyroid metastructure unit.
图 2 电磁吸波超结构曲面部件的设计方法 (a)非保角映射和(b)保角映射方法
Figure 2. Design method for electromagnetic absorbing metastructure curved component: (a) Non-conformal transformation method; (b) conformal transformation method.
图 4 电磁吸波超结构各向同异性分析 (a)三个正交方向的电磁波入射示意图; (b) HH电磁吸波超结构; (c) SG电磁吸波超结构在x, y, z三个方向的吸收率
Figure 4. The electromagnetic isotropy analysis: (a)The incident directions; (b) absorptivity of the HH electromagnetic absorbing metastructure; (c) the SG electromagnetic absorbing metastructure under the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction.
图 3 表面电阻对反射损耗的影响 (a) HH电磁吸波超结构; (b) SG电磁吸波超结构
Figure 3. Effect of surface resistance on RL for (a) the HH electromagnetic absorbing metastructure and (b) SG electromagnetic absorbing metastructure.
图 5 折射率椭球模型 (a) 5.5 GHz和(b) 16 GHz频率下的HH电磁吸波超结构; (c) 5.5 GHz和(d) 16 GHz频率下的SG电磁吸波超结构
Figure 5. Refractive index ellipsoid model: HH electromagnetic absorbing metastructure at (a) 5.5 GHz and (b) 16 GHz; SG HH electromagnetic absorbing metastructure at (c) 5.5 GHz and (d) 16 GHz.
图 6 x, y和z方向的磁场下电磁吸波超结构 (a) HH; (b) SG
Figure 6. Electromagnetic absorbing metastructure at magnetic field under the x-, y-, and z-direction: (a) HH; (b) SG.
图 7 (a)曲面部件样品; 5.5 GHz频率下的(b) con-HH和uni-HH曲面部件, (c) con-SG和uni-SG部件的雷达散射截面; 16 GHz频率下的(d) con-HH和uni-HH曲面部件, (e) con-SG和uni-SG曲面部件的雷达散射截面
Figure 7. (a) Curved component samples; radar cross section of (b) con-HH and uni-HH curved components and (c) con-SG and uni-SG curved components at 5.5 GHz; radar cross section of (d) con-HH and uni-HH curved components and (e) con-SG and uni-SG curved components at 16 GHz.
图 8 (a) 5.5和(b) 16 GHz频率下不同设计方法对HH和SG曲面部件RCS差异图
Figure 8. Differential curves of RCS for non-conformal and conformal HH curved components and SG curved components at (a) 5.5 and (b) 16 GHz.
图 9 制备与测试 (a)制造工艺; (b) con-HH, uni-HH, con-SG 和 uni-SG曲面部件; (c)测试场景
Figure 9. Fabrication and testing: (a) The fabrication processing; (b) the con-HH, the uni-HH, the con-SG, and the uni-SG curved components; (c) the RCS testing scenario.
图 10 con-HH, con-SG, uni-HH和uni-SG在(a), (b) 5.5 GHz和(c), (d) 16 GHz下的RCS测试曲线
Figure 10. RCS testing curves of the con-HH, con-SG, uni-HH, and uni-SG curved components at (a), (b) 5.5 GHz and (c), (d) 16 GHz.
图 11 在(a) 5.5 GHz和(b) 16 GHz频率下HH和SG超结构曲面部件的RCS差异
Figure 11. The RCS difference of HH and SG curved components for (a) 5.5 GHz and (b) 16 GHz.
图 12 con-HH, con-SG, uni-HH和uni-SG (a)在5.5 GHz, 相位为45°时的磁场分布; (b)在16 GHz, 相位为45°时的磁场分布
Figure 12. Magnetic field distribution of con-HH, con-SG, uni-HH, and uni-SG (a) at 5.5 GHz with a phase of 45° and (b) at 16 GHz with a phase of 45°.
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