-
Metasurface holography based on planar optical devices has attracted considerable attention due to its potential for miniaturizing optical components and systems. However, traditional on-axis holography suffers from inherent zeroth-order diffraction and twin-image effects, which significantly degrade image quality and limit its practical applications. Off-axis metasurface holography, in contrast, provides a promising solution to overcome these limitations. In this work, we design a metasurface hologram composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopillars on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate, taking advantage of TiO’s high refractive index and low optical loss in the visible range to achieve efficient phase control. The unit cell height is set to 600 nm to ensure sufficient phase accumulation, and the working wavelength is 635 nm. The hologram is constructed by mapping the continuous 0-2π phase distribution obtained from computational holography onto the unit cell array, while varying the nanopillar diameter allows full phase coverage. We systematically investigate the effect of the unit cell period on the imaging position in off-axis holography. Numerical simulations show that as the period increases from 280 nm to 350 nm, the center of the holographic image gradually shifts toward the center of the image plane. The optimal period is found to be 324 nm, at which the image is reconstructed precisely at the designed position. Further simulations with different off-axis angles (0°-45°) and varying nanopillar heights (600–2000 nm) confirm that the imaging position remains fixed at the target location, indicating that it is predominantly determined by the unit cell period rather than other structural parameters. These results demonstrate that by carefully selecting the unit cell period, the holographic image can be accurately reconstructed at a predetermined location with high image quality, providing theoretical guidance for the design of high-precision off-axis metasurface holographic imaging systems.
-
Keywords:
- Metasurface /
- Off-axis Hologram /
- Unit Cell Period
-
[1] Thureja P, Shirmanesh G K, Fountaine K T, Sokhoyan R, Grajower M, Atwater H A 2020 ACS Nano 14 15042
[2] Su D E, Wang X W, Shang G Y, Ding X M, Burokur S N, Liu J, Li H Y 2022 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 23 5102
[3] High A A, Devlin R C, Dibos A, Polking M, Wild D S, Perczel J, Leon N P, Lukin M D, Park H 2015 Nature 522 192
[4] Wang Z H, Zhu Y C, Zhou S, Guo W H, Liu Y, He C, Bai M Y, Liu W G 2024 Infrared Phys. Techn. 142 105521
[5] Yuan Y Y, Sun S, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ding X M, Ratni B, Wu Q, Burokur S N, Qiu C W 2020 Adv. Sci. 7 2001437
[6] Yue Z, Li J T, Zheng C L, Li J, Chen M Y, Hao X R, Xu H, Wang Q, Zhang Y T, Yao J Q 2022 Chin. Opt. Lett. 20 043601
[7] Yuan Y Y, Zhang K, Ratni B, Song Q H, Ding X M, Wu Q, Burokur S N, Genevet P 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 4186
[8] Xu P, Xiao Y F, Huang H X, Yang T, Zhang X L, Yuan X, Li X C, Wang M Y, Xu H D 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 084201 (in Chinese) [徐平, 肖钰斐, 黄海漩, 杨拓, 张旭琳, 袁霞, 李雄超, 王梦禹, 徐海东 2021 70 084201]
[9] Ren H R, Fang X Y, Jang J, Bürger J, Rho J, Maier S A 2020 Nat. Nanotechnol. 15 945
[10] Ni X J, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2807
[11] Ji R N, Zheng X R, Li Y L, Xie X, Lin F C, Liu C, Zheng Y W, Yu P Q, Li X R, Song K, Li Z F, Lu W, Zhang S, Wang S W, Wang D, Wang Q H 2025 Laser Photonics Rev. 19 e00398
[12] Pu X X, Sun X P, Ge S B, Cheng J, Zhou S, Liu W G 2022 Micromachines-Basel. 13 1956
[13] Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Xu Y H,Gu J Q, Li Y F, Tian Z, Singh R, Zhang S, Han J G, Zhang W L 2016 Sci. Rep-UK 6 32867
[14] Liu K F, Chen Q M, Liu Y L, Song S C, Zhang H M, Shi L T, He M Y, Xiao S Q, Xiao S M, Zhang X H 2024 Appl. Phys. Lett. 125 041703
[15] Zhao W Y, Liu B Y, Jiang H, Song J, Pei Y B, Jiang Y Y 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 147
[16] Li X, Chen L W, Li Y, Zhang X H, Pu M B, Zhao Z Y 2016 Sci. Adv. 2 e1600892
[17] Li X, Chen L W, Li Y, Zhang X H, Pu M B, Zhao Z Y, Ma X I, Wang Y Q, Hong M H, Luo X A 2016 Sci. Adv. 2 e1601102
[18] Malek S C, Ee H S, Agarwal R 2016 Nano Lett. 16 5053
[19] Li Z, Kim I, Zhang L, Mehmood M Q, Anwar M S, Saleem M, Lee D, Nam K T, Zhang S, Luk’yanchuk B S, Wang Y, Zheng G X, Rho J, Qiu C W 2017 ACS Nano 11 9382
[20] Zheng G X, Mühlenbernd H, Kenney M, Li G X, Zentgraf T, Zhang S 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 308
[21] Gao F, Zhou X, Lu L T, Deng J, Yan B 2023 Results Phys. 49 107835
[22] Bao Y J, Yu Y, Xu H F, Guo C, Li J T, Sun S, Zhou Z K, Qiu C W, Wang X H 2019 Light Sci. Appl. 8 95
[23] Noh J, Kim J, Rho J 2024 Nano Lett. 46 5417
[24] Gopakumar M, Lee G Y, Choi S, Chao B, Peng Y F, Kim J, Wetzstein G 2024 Nature 629 791
[25] Guo W H, Pu X X, Zhu Y C, Wang Z H, Sun X P, Liu Y, Zhou S, Ge S B, Hang L Y, Liu W G 2025 Opt. Commun. 535 130015
Metrics
- Abstract views: 89
- PDF Downloads: 2
- Cited By: 0
下载:
