Channel capacity of focused hypergeometric-Gaussian type-II beams in ocean turbulence

ZHANG Rongxiang; DAI Huade; LIU Tao; WANG Weiyu; ZHOU Yuncheng; BI Huicong

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250306

Abstract

The channel capacity of the hypergeometric-Gaussian type-II (HyGG-II) beam propagating in ocean turbulence is investigated in this work. A method of utilizing a focusing mirror to enhance the channel capacity is further proposed. Comparison among focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam and Laguerre Gaussian beam is also carried out. The results indicate that the employment of focusing mirrors is effective in enhancing the channel capacity, however, the corresponding transmission distance range is restricted to about 100 m. Optimal enhancement is observed near the convergence point of the HyGG-II beam focused by mirrors. By increasing the wavelength and adjusting the focal length of the focusing mirror or the waist radius of the HyGG-II beam, the channel capacity can be further improved. Moreover, when the HyGG-II beam is transmitted in oceanic turbulence characterized by a smaller dissipation rate of kinetic energy per unit mass and a larger dissipation rate of mean-squared temperature, the enhancement effect of the focusing mirrors on the channel capacity is more pronounced. Compared with Laguerre Gaussian beams, HyGG-II beams exhibit superior channel capacity at the same transmission distance, no matter whether focusing mirrors are used. The findings can serve as a reference for designing underwater wireless optical communication systems based on the HyGG-II-beam.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
2.
Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
3.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Rongxiang, zrx@hbu.edu.cn ; LIU Tao, taoliu@ncepu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62071180) and the Optoelectronic Information Materials Laboratory Performance Subsidy Fund of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 22567634H).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 不同波长下聚焦HyGG-II光束、非聚焦HyGG-II光束和LG光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 1. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam, and LG beam with different wavelengths.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同焦距下聚焦HyGG-II光束和非聚焦HyGG-II光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 2. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for unfocused HyGG-II beam and focused HyGG-II beam with different focal lengths.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 聚焦HyGG-II光束随传输距离的归一化光强分布

Figure 3. Normalized intensity distributions of focused HyGG-II beam with transmission distance.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同束腰半径下聚焦HyGG-II光束、非聚焦HyGG-II光束和LG光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 4. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam, and LG beam with different beam waists.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 不同单位质量动能耗散率下聚焦HyGG-II光束、非聚焦HyGG-II光束和LG光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 5. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam, and LG beam with different dissipation rates of kinetic energy per unit mass.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同温度均方差耗散率下聚焦HyGG-II光束、非聚焦HyGG-II光束和LG光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 6. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam, and LG beam with different dissipation rates of mean-squared temperature.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 不同温度盐度贡献比下聚焦HyGG-II光束、非聚焦HyGG-II光束和LG光束的信道容量随传输距离的变化

Figure 7. Variations of channel capacity with transmission distance for focused HyGG-II beam, unfocused HyGG-II beam, and LG beam with different ratios of temperature and salinity contributions.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	Xu L F, Zhou Z C, Ma X D, Korotkova O, Wang F 2024 Opt. Lett. 49 246 Google Scholar
[2]	郭岩, 吕恒, 丁春玲, 袁晨志, 金瑞波 2025 74 014203 Google Scholar Guo Y, Lyu H, Ding C L, Yuan C Z, Jin R B 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 014203 Google Scholar
[3]	Pan Y T, Wang P, Wang W, Li S, Cheng M J, Guo L X 2021 Opt. Express 29 12644 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhan H C, Wang L, Wang W N 2022 J. Lightwave Technol. 40 4129 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhan H C, Wang L, Wang W N, Zhao S M 2023 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40 187 Google Scholar
[6]	Wang H, Li H, Zhou Y L, Wang P 2022 Opt. Eng. 61 046102
[7]	王明军, 刘豪振, 张佳琳, 王姣 2023 光学学报 43 2401004 Google Scholar Wang M J, Liu H Z, Zhang J L, Wang J 2023 Acta Opt. Sin. 43 2401004 Google Scholar
[8]	刘昌勋, 孙嘉敏, 商祥年, 顾永建, 李文东 2025 激光与光电子学进展 62 0301002 Google Scholar Liu C X, Sun J M, Shang X N, Gu X N, Li W D 2025 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 62 0301002 Google Scholar
[9]	Karimi E, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Santamato E 2008 Opt. Express 16 21069 Google Scholar
[10]	Jin G, Bian L R, Huang L, Tang B 2020 Opt. Laser Technol. 126 106124 Google Scholar
[11]	Khannous F, Ebrahim A A A, Belafhal A 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 044206 Google Scholar
[12]	Gradshteyn I S, Ryzhik I M 2014 Table of Integrals, Series, and Products (New York: Academic Press) pp325–331
[13]	Torner L, Torres J, Carrasco S 2005 Opt. Express 13 873 Google Scholar
[14]	Yang H B, Yan Q Z, Wang P, Hu L F, Zhang Y X 2022 Opt. Express 30 9053 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang X, Wang L, Zhao S 2021 J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9 442 Google Scholar
[16]	Nikishov V V, Nikishov V I 2020 Int. J. Fluid Mech. Res. 27 82
[17]	Paterson C 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 153901 Google Scholar
[18]	Wang S L, Yang D H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y X 2021 Appl. Opt. 60 4135 Google Scholar
[19]	Tong Z J, Yang X Q, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang Y F, Zou H W, Zhao Y F, Xu J 2021 Opt. Express 29 20262 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhou H Y, Zhang M L, Wang X Z, Ren X M 2022 J. Lightwave Technol. 40 3654 Google Scholar
[21]	Han X T, Li P, Li G Y, Chang C, Jia S W, Xie Z, Liao P X, Nie W C, Xie X P 2023 Photonics 10 451 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang T Y, Fei C, Wang Y, Du J, Xie Y T, Zhang F, Tian J H, Zhang G W, Wang G X, Hong X J, He S L 2024 Opt. Express 32 36207 Google Scholar
[23]	Ma Z Q, Gao G J, Zhang J L, Guo Y G, Zhang F, Huang S G 2025 J. Lightwave Technol. 43 1140 Google Scholar

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Vol. 74, Issue 11 - 2025-06-05

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