Preparation and room-temperature NO<sub>2 </sub>sensitivity of SnO<sub>2</sub>/ZnS heterojunctions gas sensor

Dong Yi-Meng; Sun Yong-Jiao; Hou Yu-Chen; Wang Bing-Liang; Lu Zhi-Yuan; Zhang Wen-Dong; Hu Jie

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230735

Abstract

SnS₂/ZnS microflower structures are prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The microflower structures with different components are obtained after calcinating SnS₂/ZnS in air atmosphere. The influences of calcination temperature on the components and gas-sensing properties of microflower structures are investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopey (TEM), and gas sensitive characteristic analyzer. The results show that the gas-sensing performance to NO₂ at room temperature of SnO₂/ZnS microflower structure (SZ-450) is better than that of microflower structure calcinated at the other temperature. The response of SZ-450-based sensor to 10^–4 NO₂ at room temperature can reach 27.55, the response/recovery time is 53 s/79 s, the theoretical detection limit is as low as 2.1×10^–7, and it has good selectivity, repeatability, and stability. The analysis indicates that the excellent room-temperature gas-sensing characteristic of SZ-450 is related to the heterojunction between SnO₂ and ZnS. This work can provide sensitive materials for room-temperature NO₂ gas sensor and promote its development and application.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China

Corresponding author: Sun Yong-Jiao, sunyongjiao@tyut.edu.cn ; Hu Jie, hujie@tyut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61904122, 62171308) and the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Grant Nos. 2022-071, 2022-070).

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References

[1]	储宇星, 刘海瑞, 闫爽 2021 无机材料学报 36 950 Google Scholar Chu X Y, Liu H R, Yan S 2021 J. Inorg. Mater. 36 950 Google Scholar
[2]	许雪梅, 李奔荣, 杨兵初, 蒋礼, 尹林子, 丁一鹏, 曹粲 2013 62 200704 Google Scholar Xu X M, Li B R, Yang B C, Jiang L, Yin L Z, Ding Y P, Cao C 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 200704 Google Scholar
[3]	Yang Z, Su C, Wang S T, Han Y T, Chen X W, Xu S, Zhou Z H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Zeng M 2020 Nanotechnology 31 075501 Google Scholar
[4]	Das S, Jayaraman V 2014 Prog. Mater. 66 112 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang J, Wang S R, Wang Y M, et al. 2009 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 135 610 Google Scholar
[6]	Li J, Yang M, Cheng X L, et al. 2021 J. Hazard. Mater. 419 126414 Google Scholar
[7]	Shah V, Bhaliya J, Patel G, Joshi P 2022 J. Inorg. Organomet. P. 32 741 Google Scholar
[8]	Kumar S, Pavelyev V, Mishra P, Tripathi N, Sharma P, Calle F 2020 Mat. Sci. Semicon. Proc. 107 104865 Google Scholar
[9]	Bag A, Lee N E 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 13367 Google Scholar
[10]	Mutlu Z, Wu R J, Wickramaratne D, et al. 2016 Small 12 2935 Google Scholar
[11]	Hao J Y, Zhang D, Sun Q, Zheng S L, Sun Y J, Wang Y 2018 Nanoscale 10 7210 Google Scholar
[12]	Gu D, Li X G, Zhao Y Y, Wang J 2017 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 244 67 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang X, Xie Z, Huang H, Liu Z, Chen D, Shen G 2012 J. Mater. Chem. A 22 6845 Google Scholar
[14]	Li Y, Shan L X, Lian X X, Zhou Q J, An D M 2021 Ceram. Int. 47 27411 Google Scholar
[15]	Wahab R, Ansari S G, Kim Y S, Dhage M S, Seo H K, Shin S H S 2009 Met. Mater. Int. 15 453 Google Scholar
[16]	Houšková V, Štengl V, Bakardjieva S, Murafa N, Kalendová A 2007 J. Phys. Chem. A 111 4215 Google Scholar
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[18]	Hu J, Gao F Q, Zhao Z T, Sang S B, Li P W, Zhang W D, Zhou X T, Chen Y 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci. 363 181 Google Scholar
[19]	Park S, An S, Mun Y, Lee C 2014 Curr. Appl. Phys. 14 S57 Google Scholar
[20]	Park S, Kim S, Ko H, Lee C 2014 J. Electroceram 33 75 Google Scholar
[21]	Park S H, An S Y, Ko H S, Lee S M, Lee C M 2013 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188 1270 Google Scholar
[22]	Chen X W, Wang T, Han Y T, Lv W, Li B L, Su C, Zeng M, Yang J H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Yang Z 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 345 130423 Google Scholar
[23]	Gao R, Zhang X F, Wu Y Y, et al. 2023 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 380 133304 Google Scholar
[24]	Laera A M, Mirenghi L, Cassano G, et al. 2020 Thin Solid Films 709 138190 Google Scholar
[25]	Liu C, Chen X W, Luo H Y, Li B L, Shi J, Fan C, Yang J H, Zeng M, Zhou Z H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Yang Z 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 347 130608 Google Scholar
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[28]	Li Y, Song S, Zhang L B, Lian X X, Zhou Q J 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 855 157430 Google Scholar
[29]	Liu D, Tang Z L, Zhang Z T 2020 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 324 128754 Google Scholar
[30]	Huang B Y, Zhu Q Q, Xu H, Li X L, Li X, Li X G 2023 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 380 133303 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhu Q Q, Gu D, Liu Z, Huang B Y, Li X G 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 349 130775 Google Scholar
[32]	Sharma I, Mehta B R 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 061602 Google Scholar
[33]	Yang X L, Zhang S F, Yu Q, et al. 2019 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 281 415 Google Scholar
[34]	Xu X H, Ma S Y, Xu X L, Pei S T, Han T, Liu W W 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 868 159286 Google Scholar
[35]	Liu Y M, Zhang J N, Li G, Liu J, Liang Q F, Wang H J, Zhu Y Y, Gao J Z, Lu H B 2022 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 355 131322 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 SZ-0, SZ-300, SZ-450, SZ-550和SZ-700微花结构的XRD图谱

Figure 1. XRD patterns of SZ-0, SZ-300, SZ-450, SZ-550 and SZ-700 microflower structures.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同样品的SEM图　(a) SZ-0; (b) SZ-300; (c) SZ-450; (d) SZ-550; (e) SZ-700. (f) SZ-450的EDS图谱

Figure 2. SEM image of different samples: (a) SZ-0; (b) SZ-300; (c) SZ-450; (d) SZ-550; (e) SZ-700. (f) EDS pattern of SZ-450.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a), (b) SZ-450的TEM图像; (c), (d) SZ-450的HRTEM图像

Figure 3. (a), (b) TEM image of SZ-450; (c), (d) HRTEM image of SZ-450.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 不同传感器在室温下对体积分数为10^–4气体的选择性; (b) 室温空气中的电阻

Figure 4. (a) Gas selectivity of as-prepared samples for different sensors at 10^–4 of volume fraction at room temperature; (b) resistance of different sensors in air at room temperature.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 不同传感器对体积分数为5×10^–7—4×10^–4 NO₂的动态响应曲线; (b) 对数形式下的响应-浓度关系

Figure 5. (a) Dynamic response curves of different sensors for NO₂ at 5×10^–7–4×10^–4 of volume fraction; (b) relationship curves of the responses-concentrations in logarithm form.

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图 6 不同传感器的响应/恢复时间曲线(a)和折线(b)

Figure 6. Response/recovery time curves (a) and line graph (b) for different sensors.

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图 7 不同传感器在体积分数为10^–4的NO₂下的重复性(a)与长期稳定性(b)

Figure 7. Repeatability curves (a) and long-term stability curves (b) of different sensors for NO₂ at 10^–4 of volume fraction.

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图 8 SZ-450传感器在不同气体中的传感机制示意图　(a)空气; (b) NO₂

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of SZ-450 sensor in different gases: (a) Air; (b) NO₂.

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表 1 室温下不同NO₂传感器的比较

Table 1. Comparison of different NO₂ sensors at RT.

敏感材料	NO₂浓度/10^–6	响应	温度/℃	响应/恢复时间/(s·s^–1)	理论检测下限/10^–6	Ref.
Pd/ZnS	5	15.1	室温	—/—	—	[19]
ZnS/ZnO	5	1.16	室温	—/—	—	[20]
Au/ZnS	5	8.84	300	—/—	—	[21]
ZnS/N-rGO	10	2.20	室温	—/724	—	[22]
ZnO-ZnS	10	1.51	室温	100/132 (170 ℃)	0.5	[23]
TiO₂-ZnS	1	1.91	300	—/ ~540	—	[24]
MoS₂/ZnS	5	7.20	室温	—/276	—	[25]
CuO-ZnS	5	1.14	室温	52/45	—	[26]
SnO₂/ZnS	5	3.34	室温	53/79	0.2	本文

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[1]	储宇星, 刘海瑞, 闫爽 2021 无机材料学报 36 950 Google Scholar Chu X Y, Liu H R, Yan S 2021 J. Inorg. Mater. 36 950 Google Scholar
[2]	许雪梅, 李奔荣, 杨兵初, 蒋礼, 尹林子, 丁一鹏, 曹粲 2013 62 200704 Google Scholar Xu X M, Li B R, Yang B C, Jiang L, Yin L Z, Ding Y P, Cao C 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 200704 Google Scholar
[3]	Yang Z, Su C, Wang S T, Han Y T, Chen X W, Xu S, Zhou Z H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Zeng M 2020 Nanotechnology 31 075501 Google Scholar
[4]	Das S, Jayaraman V 2014 Prog. Mater. 66 112 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang J, Wang S R, Wang Y M, et al. 2009 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 135 610 Google Scholar
[6]	Li J, Yang M, Cheng X L, et al. 2021 J. Hazard. Mater. 419 126414 Google Scholar
[7]	Shah V, Bhaliya J, Patel G, Joshi P 2022 J. Inorg. Organomet. P. 32 741 Google Scholar
[8]	Kumar S, Pavelyev V, Mishra P, Tripathi N, Sharma P, Calle F 2020 Mat. Sci. Semicon. Proc. 107 104865 Google Scholar
[9]	Bag A, Lee N E 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 13367 Google Scholar
[10]	Mutlu Z, Wu R J, Wickramaratne D, et al. 2016 Small 12 2935 Google Scholar
[11]	Hao J Y, Zhang D, Sun Q, Zheng S L, Sun Y J, Wang Y 2018 Nanoscale 10 7210 Google Scholar
[12]	Gu D, Li X G, Zhao Y Y, Wang J 2017 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 244 67 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang X, Xie Z, Huang H, Liu Z, Chen D, Shen G 2012 J. Mater. Chem. A 22 6845 Google Scholar
[14]	Li Y, Shan L X, Lian X X, Zhou Q J, An D M 2021 Ceram. Int. 47 27411 Google Scholar
[15]	Wahab R, Ansari S G, Kim Y S, Dhage M S, Seo H K, Shin S H S 2009 Met. Mater. Int. 15 453 Google Scholar
[16]	Houšková V, Štengl V, Bakardjieva S, Murafa N, Kalendová A 2007 J. Phys. Chem. A 111 4215 Google Scholar
[17]	Mohamed S H, Awad M A, Shaban M 2022 Appl. Phys. A 128 1 Google Scholar
[18]	Hu J, Gao F Q, Zhao Z T, Sang S B, Li P W, Zhang W D, Zhou X T, Chen Y 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci. 363 181 Google Scholar
[19]	Park S, An S, Mun Y, Lee C 2014 Curr. Appl. Phys. 14 S57 Google Scholar
[20]	Park S, Kim S, Ko H, Lee C 2014 J. Electroceram 33 75 Google Scholar
[21]	Park S H, An S Y, Ko H S, Lee S M, Lee C M 2013 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188 1270 Google Scholar
[22]	Chen X W, Wang T, Han Y T, Lv W, Li B L, Su C, Zeng M, Yang J H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Yang Z 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 345 130423 Google Scholar
[23]	Gao R, Zhang X F, Wu Y Y, et al. 2023 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 380 133304 Google Scholar
[24]	Laera A M, Mirenghi L, Cassano G, et al. 2020 Thin Solid Films 709 138190 Google Scholar
[25]	Liu C, Chen X W, Luo H Y, Li B L, Shi J, Fan C, Yang J H, Zeng M, Zhou Z H, Hu N T, Su Y J, Yang Z 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 347 130608 Google Scholar
[26]	Park S, Sun G J, Kheel H, Ko T, Kim H W, Lee C 2016 Appl. Phys. A 122 1 Google Scholar
[27]	Wetchakun K, Samerjai T, Tamaekong N, Liewhiran C, Siriwong C, Kruefu V, Wisitsoraat A, Tuantranont A, Phanichphant S 2011 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 160 580 Google Scholar
[28]	Li Y, Song S, Zhang L B, Lian X X, Zhou Q J 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 855 157430 Google Scholar
[29]	Liu D, Tang Z L, Zhang Z T 2020 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 324 128754 Google Scholar
[30]	Huang B Y, Zhu Q Q, Xu H, Li X L, Li X, Li X G 2023 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 380 133303 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhu Q Q, Gu D, Liu Z, Huang B Y, Li X G 2021 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 349 130775 Google Scholar
[32]	Sharma I, Mehta B R 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 061602 Google Scholar
[33]	Yang X L, Zhang S F, Yu Q, et al. 2019 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 281 415 Google Scholar
[34]	Xu X H, Ma S Y, Xu X L, Pei S T, Han T, Liu W W 2021 J. Alloys Compd. 868 159286 Google Scholar
[35]	Liu Y M, Zhang J N, Li G, Liu J, Liang Q F, Wang H J, Zhu Y Y, Gao J Z, Lu H B 2022 Sens. Actuators B Chem. 355 131322 Google Scholar

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Preparation and room-temperature NO₂sensitivity of SnO₂/ZnS heterojunctions gas sensor

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Corresponding author: Sun Yong-Jiao, sunyongjiao@tyut.edu.cn ; Hu Jie, hujie@tyut.edu.cn

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Preparation and room-temperature NO2 sensitivity of SnO2/ZnS heterojunctions gas sensor

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Corresponding author: Sun Yong-Jiao, sunyongjiao@tyut.edu.cn ; Hu Jie, hujie@tyut.edu.cn

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Preparation and room-temperature NO₂sensitivity of SnO₂/ZnS heterojunctions gas sensor