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The infrared laser sources have important applications in many fields such as real-time detection, gas sensing or tracing, high-resolution spectral analysis and quantum optics. In this paper, we develop an infrared laser source with mode-hop-free broadband tunability by using a singly optical parametric oscillator (SRO) based on the magnesium-oxide doped periodically poled lithium niobite (MgO:PPLN) crystal. A polished lithium niobite crystal with a thickness of 1 mm is used as an etalon that is inserted into the cavity of SRO to realize continuous mode-hop-free tuning. The resonant signal in SRO is frequency stabilized to the transmission peak of intracavity etalon. Owing to the high stability of the resonator, continuous mode-hop-free tuning with a bandwidth of 2063.7 GHz for both signal and idler is realized. The oscillation threshold of SRO is 7.3 W. The signal of 4.3 W over 1551.9－1568.6 nm and idler of 2.1 W over 3307.3－3384.3 nm are generated for 22 W of pump power by tuning the temperature of the crystal from 20 ℃ to 70 ℃. The slope efficiency of 42.6% and optical conversion efficiency of 29% are obtained. Then the intensity noise characteristics of generated infrared laser are further studied theoretically and experimentally. The fluctuation characteristics of the SRO emission can be computed just by using a semiclassical approach. We analyze theoretically the factors that affect the intensity noise of the signal and idler. The temperature of the MgO:PPLN crystal and the modulation frequency of the etalon are important parameters, which can affect the intensity noise characteristics of signal and idler laser. Therefore, we investigate experimentally the variation of the intensity noise characteristics by changing the temperature of the crystal and the modulation frequency of the etalon. The intensity noise of the signal and idler laser are optimized through controlling the temperature in a range of 20－60 ℃ and the modulation frequency ranging from 2 kHz to 8 kHz, respectively. The experimental data basically accord with the theoretical calculations. When the operating temperature of the MgO:PPLN crystal is controlled at 60 ℃ and the modulation frequency of the etalon is 8 kHz, the intensity noise of the signal and the idler laser are reduced by 11 dB and 8 dB, respectively. The optimized infrared laser can provide a high-quality laser source for subsequent quantum optics research.
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Keywords:
- singly resonant optical parametric oscillator /
- mode-hop-free /
- continuously wavelength tuning infrared laser /
- intensity noise
[1] Ricciardi I, Tommasi E D, Maddaloni P, Mosca S, Rocco A, Zondy J J, Rosa M D, Natale P D 2012 Opt. Express 20 9178
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[3] Arslanov D D, Spunei M, Mandon J, Cristescu S M, Persijn S T, Harren F J M 2013 Laser Photonics Rev. 7 188
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[5] Dayan B, Pe'er A, Friesem A A, Silberberg Y 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 023005
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[10] Samanta G K, Fayaz G R, Sun Z, Ebrahim M Z 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 400
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[11] Das R, Kumar S C, Samanta G K, Ebrahim M Z 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3836
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[12] Aadhi A, Chaitanya N A, Jabir M V, Singh R P, Samanta G K 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 33
Google Scholar
[13] Bosenberg W R, Drobshoff A, Alexander J I 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1336
Google Scholar
[14] Vainio M, Siltanen M, Hieta T, Halonen L 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1527
Google Scholar
[15] Andrieux A, Zanon T, Cadoret M, Rihan A, Zondy J J 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 1212
Google Scholar
[16] Hong X P, Shen X L, Gong M L, Wang F 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4982
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[18] Sabouri S G, Khorsandi A, Ebrahimzadeh M 2012 Opt. Exp. 20 27442
Google Scholar
[19] Mieth S, Henderson A, Halfmann T 2014 Opt. Exp. 22 11182
Google Scholar
[20] Fabre C, Giacobino E, Heidmann A, Reynaud S 1989 J. Phys. France 50 1209
Google Scholar
[21] Fabre C, Cohadon P F, Schwob C 1997 Quantum Semiclass Opt. 9 165
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[22] Paul O, Quosig A, Bauer T, Nittmann M, Bartschke J, Anstett G, L’Huillier J A 2007 Appl. Phys. B 86 111
Google Scholar
[23] Cabaret L, Camus P, Leroux R, Philip J 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 983
Google Scholar
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图 1 SRO的理论模型
Figure 1. Theoretical model of SRO.
图 2 利用光学参量振荡器产生连续宽带调谐红外激光的实验装置
Figure 2. Experimental setup for generation of broad band tunable infrared laser by singly resonant optical parametric oscillator.
图 3 1064 nm抽运激光的强度噪声谱
Figure 3. Intensity noise power spectra of pump light of SRO at 1064 nm.
图 4 SRO输出光的归一化强度噪声谱随着晶体温度的变化 (a)信号光的归一化强度噪声功率谱; (b)闲置光的归一化强度噪声功率谱
Figure 4. Normalized intensity noise power spectra of output light of SRO vs. temperature of the crystal: (a) Normalized intensity noise power spectra of the signal; (b) normalized intensity noise power spectra of the idler.
图 5 SRO输出光的归一化强度噪声谱随着标准具调制频率的变化 (a), (b)信号光的归一化强度噪声功率谱的理论和实验值; (c), (d)闲置光的归一化强度噪声功率谱的理论和实验值
Figure 5. Normalized intensity noise power spectra of output light of SRO vs. modulation frequency of the etalon: (a) and (b) Theoretical and experimental data of normalized intensity noise power spectra of the signal, respectively; (c) and (d) theoretical and experimental data of normalized intensity noise power spectra of the idler, respectively.
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[1] Ricciardi I, Tommasi E D, Maddaloni P, Mosca S, Rocco A, Zondy J J, Rosa M D, Natale P D 2012 Opt. Express 20 9178
Google Scholar
[2] Arslanov D D, Spunei M, Ngai A K Y, et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. B 103 223
Google Scholar
[3] Arslanov D D, Spunei M, Mandon J, Cristescu S M, Persijn S T, Harren F J M 2013 Laser Photonics Rev. 7 188
Google Scholar
[4] Breunig I, Haertle D, Buse K 2011 Appl. Phys. B 105 99
Google Scholar
[5] Dayan B, Pe'er A, Friesem A A, Silberberg Y 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 023005
Google Scholar
[6] Radnaev A G, Dudin Y O, Zhao R, Jen H H, Jenkins S D, Kuzmich A, Kennedy T A B 2010 Nature Phys. 6 894
Google Scholar
[7] Allgaier M, Ansari V, Sansoni L, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14288
Google Scholar
[8] Goda K, McKenzie K, Mikhailov E E, Lam P K, McClelland D E, Mavalvala N 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 043819
Google Scholar
[9] Gilchrist A, Nemoto K, Munro W J, Ralph T C, Glancy S, Braunstein S L, Milburn G J 2004 J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 6 S828
Google Scholar
[10] Samanta G K, Fayaz G R, Sun Z, Ebrahim M Z 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 400
Google Scholar
[11] Das R, Kumar S C, Samanta G K, Ebrahim M Z 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3836
Google Scholar
[12] Aadhi A, Chaitanya N A, Jabir M V, Singh R P, Samanta G K 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 33
Google Scholar
[13] Bosenberg W R, Drobshoff A, Alexander J I 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1336
Google Scholar
[14] Vainio M, Siltanen M, Hieta T, Halonen L 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1527
Google Scholar
[15] Andrieux A, Zanon T, Cadoret M, Rihan A, Zondy J J 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 1212
Google Scholar
[16] Hong X P, Shen X L, Gong M L, Wang F 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4982
Google Scholar
[17] Turnbull G A, Dunn M H, Ebrahimzadeh M 1998 Appl. Phys. B 66 701
Google Scholar
[18] Sabouri S G, Khorsandi A, Ebrahimzadeh M 2012 Opt. Exp. 20 27442
Google Scholar
[19] Mieth S, Henderson A, Halfmann T 2014 Opt. Exp. 22 11182
Google Scholar
[20] Fabre C, Giacobino E, Heidmann A, Reynaud S 1989 J. Phys. France 50 1209
Google Scholar
[21] Fabre C, Cohadon P F, Schwob C 1997 Quantum Semiclass Opt. 9 165
Google Scholar
[22] Paul O, Quosig A, Bauer T, Nittmann M, Bartschke J, Anstett G, L’Huillier J A 2007 Appl. Phys. B 86 111
Google Scholar
[23] Cabaret L, Camus P, Leroux R, Philip J 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 983
Google Scholar
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