Search

Article

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Aromatic superconductors: Electron-phonon coupling and electronic correlations

Zhong Guo-Hua Lin Hai-Qing

Citation:

Aromatic superconductors: Electron-phonon coupling and electronic correlations

Zhong Guo-Hua, Lin Hai-Qing
PDF
HTML
Get Citation
  • Aromatic superconductors are a new type of high-temperature superconductor discovered in recent years. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) increases with the size of aromatic molecule increasing, which has attracted widespread attention of experimental and theoretical researchers. The driving mechanism for such a superconductivity, whether it is dominated by electron-phonon coupling or electronic correlation effects, has aroused great interest of many research groups. This paper briefly introduces the rich superconducting phenomena of metal doped aromatic compounds. From the perspectives of electron-phonon coupling or electronic correlations, the superconductivity of aromatic compounds is discussed, which is helpful in exploring aromatic superconductors with higher Tc. The challenges currently faced in the field are also introduced.The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We first introduce the existence of abundant superconducting phases in the experiment of metal doped aromatic compounds. Different doping concentrations of metal cause superconducting phases with different Tc values, especially the highest Tc value of the superconducting phase increases with the size of aromatic molecule increasing. Theoretical prediction shows that all aromatic hydrocarbon superconductors have a low-Tc superconducting phase in a range of 5–7 K, which is a common feature. For systems with few benzene rings (such as benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene crystals), only low-Tc phase of 5–7 K exists, while in systems with multiple benzene rings (such as picene, dibenzopentacene, and others with the number of benzene rings more than 5), there are multiple superconducting phases; the highest Tc in long-benzene-ring system depends not only on the number of benzene rings, but also on the chain size of organic molecule. Further research indicates that low-Tc phase is induced by doping about 2 electrons and has good stability, while high-Tc phase results from doping 3 electrons and has slightly poorer stability.Then, the electron-phonon coupling characteristics and electron-electron exchange correlation effects in aromatic compound superconductors are discussed. For low-Tc phases, the values of electronic density of states at the Fermi level are comparable to each other and relatively low, resulting in weak electron-phonon interactions. However, the Tc value predicted by this electron-phonon coupling mechanism is in good agreement with experimental value, indicating that the electron-phonon coupling is sufficient to describe the superconductivity of low-Tc phases. For high-Tc phases, the big values of electron density of states at the Fermi level imply strong electron-phonon interactions, and this electron-phonon coupling increases with the size of organic molecule increasing. However, the Tc value predicted only by the electron-phonon mechanism is lower than the experimental value. The study of electron-electron exchange correlation effect of aromatic compounds shows that the electronic correlation effect increases with the size of aromatic molecule increasing, which is consistent with the increase of Tc maximum value with the size of aromatic molecule increasing in a long-benzene-ring system. This indicates that the superconductivity of high-Tc phase is driven by both the electron-phonon mechanism and the electronic correlation effect. This understanding of superconductivity is significant for exploring and discovering aromatic superconductors with higher transition temperatures.Finally, comprehensive physical models and methods are required in this paper in order to gain a thorough understanding of the superconductivity of aromatic compound.
      Corresponding author: Lin Hai-Qing, hqlin@zju.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12088101, 12074401).
    [1]

    Schilling A, Cantoni M, Guo J D, Ott H R 1993 Nature 363 56Google Scholar

    [2]

    Drozdov A P, Kong P P, Minkov V S, Besedin S P, Kuzovnikov M A, Mozaffari S, Balicas L, Balakirev F F, Graf D E, Prakapenka V B, Greenberg E, Knyazev D A, Tkacz M, Eremets M I 2019 Nature 569 528Google Scholar

    [3]

    Somayazulu M, Ahart M, Mishra A K, Geballe Z M, Baldini M, Meng Y, Struzhkin V V, Hemley R J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 027001Google Scholar

    [4]

    Little W A 1964 Phys. Rev. 134 A1416Google Scholar

    [5]

    Ginzburg V L 1964 Phys. Lett. 13 101Google Scholar

    [6]

    Taniguchi H, Miyashita M, Uchiyama K, Satoh K, Mori N, Okamoto H, Miyagawa K, Kanoda K, Hedo M, Uwatoko Y 2003 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 468Google Scholar

    [7]

    Mitsuhashi R, Suzuki Y, Yamanari Y, Mitamura H, Kambe T, Ikeda N, Okamoto H, Fujiwara A, Yamaji M, Kawasaki N, Maniwa Y, Kubozono Y 2010 Nature 464 76Google Scholar

    [8]

    Wang X F, Liu R H, Gui Z, Xie Y L, Yan Y J, Ying J J, Luo X G, Chen X H 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 507Google Scholar

    [9]

    Xue M Q, Cao T B, Wang D M, Wu Y, Yang H X, Dong X L, He J B, Li F W, Chen G F 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 389Google Scholar

    [10]

    Kubozono Y, Mitamura M, Lee X, He X, Yamanari Y, Takahashi Y, Suzuki Y, Kaji Y, Eguchi R, Akaike K, Kambe T, Okamoto H, Fujiwara A, Kato T, Kosugi T, Aoki H 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 16476Google Scholar

    [11]

    Zhong G H, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2019 Front. Phys. 7 52Google Scholar

    [12]

    Kato T, Yoshizawa K, Hirao K 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 116 3420Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kato T, Kambe T, Kubozono Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 077001Google Scholar

    [14]

    Casula M, Calandra M, Profeta G, Mauri F 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 137006Google Scholar

    [15]

    Giovannetti G, Capone M 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 134508Google Scholar

    [16]

    Kim M, Min B I 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 214510Google Scholar

    [17]

    Durand P, Darling G R, Dubitsky Y, Zaopo A, Rosseinsky M J 2003 Nature Mater. 2 605Google Scholar

    [18]

    Wang X H, Zhong G H, Yan X W, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2017 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 104 56Google Scholar

    [19]

    Zhong G H, Yang D Y, Zhang K, Wang R S, Zhang C, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2018 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 25217Google Scholar

    [20]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity in P-Terphenyl arXiv: 1703.05803

    [21]

    Yan J F, Zhong G H, Wang R S, Zhang K, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 40Google Scholar

    [22]

    Huang G, Zhong G H, Wang R S, Han J X, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2019 Carbon 143 837Google Scholar

    [23]

    Wang R S, Cheng J, Wu X L, Yang H, Chen X J, Gao Y, Huang Z B 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 149 144502Google Scholar

    [24]

    Peng D, Wang R S, Chen X J 2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 906Google Scholar

    [25]

    Wang R S, Zhang K, Zhong G H, Chen X J 2023 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 288 116155Google Scholar

    [26]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity at 43 K in a single C-C bond linked terphenyl arXiv: 1703.05804

    [27]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity above 120 Kelvin in a Chain Link Molecule arXiv: 1703.06641

    [28]

    Zhong G H, Wang X H, Wang R S, Han J X, Zhang C, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 3801Google Scholar

    [29]

    Li H, Zhou X, Parham S, Nummy T, Griffith J, Gordon K N, Chronister E L, Dessau D S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 064511Google Scholar

    [30]

    Neha P, Bhardwaj A, Sahu V, Patnaik S 2018 Physica C 554 1Google Scholar

    [31]

    Liu W H, Lin H, Kang R Z, Zhu X Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S X, Wen H H 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 224501Google Scholar

    [32]

    Pinto N, Di Nicola C, Trapananti A, Minicucci M, Di Cicco A, Marcelli A, Bianconi A, Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Perali A 2020 Condens. Matter 5 78Google Scholar

  • 图 1  (a) 超导转变温度Tc与芳香分子晶体中有机分子所含苯环数的关系[9]; (b) 电-声耦合常数随有机分子中碳原子数的变化[12]; (c) 电-声相互作用随有机分子中碳原子数的变化, 插图表示电-声相互作用与碳原子倒数呈线性关系[13]

    Figure 1.  (a) The relationship between the superconducting transition temperature Tc and the number of benzene rings in organic molecules in aromatic molecular crystals[9]; (b) the variation of the electron-phonon coupling constant with the number of carbon atoms in organic molecules[12]; (c) the electron-phonon interaction varies with the number of carbon atoms in organic molecules, and the inset shows a linear relationship between the electron-phonon interaction and the reciprocal of carbon atoms[13].

    图 2  各种芳香分子晶体在金属掺杂后的超导转变温度Tc随苯环数n的变化[11], 灰色区域暗示了5—7 K的超导转变温度区间, 实心红色方块表示林海青等[11]的预测结果, 而空心红色方块表示Casula等[14]的预测结果, 其他数据来自实验

    Figure 2.  The superconducting transition temperature Tc of aromatic molecular crystals doped by metal varies with the number of benzene rings n [11]. The gray area indicates a superconducting transition temperature region of 5—7 K. The solid red squares represent the prediction results of Lin et al.[11], while the hollow red squares represent the prediction results of Casula et al.[14]. Other data come from experiments.

    图 3  在芳香分子晶体中, 有效在位库仑能与带宽的比值(Ueff/W)随介电常数的变化. 有机分子的右上标I指分子中苯环呈zigzag排列, II指有机分子构型类似于1, 2:8, 9-二苯并五苯[11]

    Figure 3.  In aromatic molecular crystals, the ratio of effective on-site Coulombic energy to bandwidth (Ueff/W) varies with the dielectric constant. The superscript I of organic molecules refers to the zigzag arrangement of the benzene rings in the molecule, while II refers to the configuration of organic molecules similar to 1, 2:8, 9-dibenzopentacene [11].

    表 1  采用标准的密度泛函(DFT)方法预测芳香有机分子晶体的带隙(Eg)小于实验值. 采用杂化密度泛函(HSE)方法预测获得与实验一致的带隙, 所需的精确交换作用参数υ. 有机分子的右上标I指分子中苯环呈zigzag排列, II指有机分子构型类似于1, 2:8, 9-二苯并五苯[11]

    Table 1.  The band gap (Eg) of aromatic organic molecular crystals predicted by standard density functional theory (DFT) method is smaller than the experimental values. υ is the adopted precise exchange interaction parameters when obtaining the Eg which is consistent with experimental values. The superscript I of organic molecules refers to the zigzag arrangement of the benzene rings in the molecule, while II refers to the configuration of organic molecules similar to 1, 2:8, 9-dibenzopentacene [11].

    C14H10IC18H12I(II)C22H14IC22H14IIC26H16IC26H16IIC30H18IC30H18II
    Eg (expt.)/eV3.163.33.33.33.153.23.23.2
    Eg (DFT)/eV2.802.402.312.202.071.822.041.03
    υ0.100.260.300.400.360.550.370.91
    DownLoad: CSV
    Baidu
  • [1]

    Schilling A, Cantoni M, Guo J D, Ott H R 1993 Nature 363 56Google Scholar

    [2]

    Drozdov A P, Kong P P, Minkov V S, Besedin S P, Kuzovnikov M A, Mozaffari S, Balicas L, Balakirev F F, Graf D E, Prakapenka V B, Greenberg E, Knyazev D A, Tkacz M, Eremets M I 2019 Nature 569 528Google Scholar

    [3]

    Somayazulu M, Ahart M, Mishra A K, Geballe Z M, Baldini M, Meng Y, Struzhkin V V, Hemley R J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 027001Google Scholar

    [4]

    Little W A 1964 Phys. Rev. 134 A1416Google Scholar

    [5]

    Ginzburg V L 1964 Phys. Lett. 13 101Google Scholar

    [6]

    Taniguchi H, Miyashita M, Uchiyama K, Satoh K, Mori N, Okamoto H, Miyagawa K, Kanoda K, Hedo M, Uwatoko Y 2003 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 468Google Scholar

    [7]

    Mitsuhashi R, Suzuki Y, Yamanari Y, Mitamura H, Kambe T, Ikeda N, Okamoto H, Fujiwara A, Yamaji M, Kawasaki N, Maniwa Y, Kubozono Y 2010 Nature 464 76Google Scholar

    [8]

    Wang X F, Liu R H, Gui Z, Xie Y L, Yan Y J, Ying J J, Luo X G, Chen X H 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 507Google Scholar

    [9]

    Xue M Q, Cao T B, Wang D M, Wu Y, Yang H X, Dong X L, He J B, Li F W, Chen G F 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 389Google Scholar

    [10]

    Kubozono Y, Mitamura M, Lee X, He X, Yamanari Y, Takahashi Y, Suzuki Y, Kaji Y, Eguchi R, Akaike K, Kambe T, Okamoto H, Fujiwara A, Kato T, Kosugi T, Aoki H 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 16476Google Scholar

    [11]

    Zhong G H, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2019 Front. Phys. 7 52Google Scholar

    [12]

    Kato T, Yoshizawa K, Hirao K 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 116 3420Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kato T, Kambe T, Kubozono Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 077001Google Scholar

    [14]

    Casula M, Calandra M, Profeta G, Mauri F 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 137006Google Scholar

    [15]

    Giovannetti G, Capone M 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 134508Google Scholar

    [16]

    Kim M, Min B I 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 214510Google Scholar

    [17]

    Durand P, Darling G R, Dubitsky Y, Zaopo A, Rosseinsky M J 2003 Nature Mater. 2 605Google Scholar

    [18]

    Wang X H, Zhong G H, Yan X W, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2017 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 104 56Google Scholar

    [19]

    Zhong G H, Yang D Y, Zhang K, Wang R S, Zhang C, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2018 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 25217Google Scholar

    [20]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity in P-Terphenyl arXiv: 1703.05803

    [21]

    Yan J F, Zhong G H, Wang R S, Zhang K, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 40Google Scholar

    [22]

    Huang G, Zhong G H, Wang R S, Han J X, Lin H Q, Chen X J 2019 Carbon 143 837Google Scholar

    [23]

    Wang R S, Cheng J, Wu X L, Yang H, Chen X J, Gao Y, Huang Z B 2018 J. Chem. Phys. 149 144502Google Scholar

    [24]

    Peng D, Wang R S, Chen X J 2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 906Google Scholar

    [25]

    Wang R S, Zhang K, Zhong G H, Chen X J 2023 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 288 116155Google Scholar

    [26]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity at 43 K in a single C-C bond linked terphenyl arXiv: 1703.05804

    [27]

    Wang R S, Gao Y, Huang Z B, Chen X J 2017 Superconductivity above 120 Kelvin in a Chain Link Molecule arXiv: 1703.06641

    [28]

    Zhong G H, Wang X H, Wang R S, Han J X, Zhang C, Chen X J, Lin H Q 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 3801Google Scholar

    [29]

    Li H, Zhou X, Parham S, Nummy T, Griffith J, Gordon K N, Chronister E L, Dessau D S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 064511Google Scholar

    [30]

    Neha P, Bhardwaj A, Sahu V, Patnaik S 2018 Physica C 554 1Google Scholar

    [31]

    Liu W H, Lin H, Kang R Z, Zhu X Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S X, Wen H H 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 224501Google Scholar

    [32]

    Pinto N, Di Nicola C, Trapananti A, Minicucci M, Di Cicco A, Marcelli A, Bianconi A, Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Perali A 2020 Condens. Matter 5 78Google Scholar

  • [1] Li Yong-Kai, Liu Jin-Jin, Zhang Xin, Zhu Peng, Yang Liu, Zhang Yu-Qi, Wu Huang-Yu, Wang Zhi-Wei. Doping effects of Kagome superconductor AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs). Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(6): 067401. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231954
    [2] Guo Jing, Wu Qi, Sun Li-Ling. Discovery of robust superconductivity against volume shrinkage. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(23): 237401. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20231341
    [3] Jin Shi-Feng, Guo Jian-Gang, Wang Gang, Chen Xiao-Long. Research progress on FeSe-based superconducting materials. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(20): 207412. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181701
    [4] Lin Tong, Hu Die, Shi Li-Yu, Zhang Si-Jie, Liu Yan-Qi, Lv Jia-Lin, Dong Tao, Zhao Jun, Wang Nan-Lin. Infrared spectroscopy study of ironbased superconductor Li0.8Fe0.2 ODFeSe. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(20): 207102. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181401
    [5] Yi Wei, Wu Qi, Sun Li-Ling. Superconductivities of pressurized iron pnictide superconductors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(3): 037402. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.037402
    [6] Duan De-Fang, Ma Yan-Bin, Shao Zi-Ji, Xie Hui, Huang Xiao-Li, Liu Bing-Bing, Cui Tian. Structures and novel superconductivity of hydrogen-rich compounds under high pressures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(3): 036102. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.036102
    [7] Gao Miao, Kong Xin, Lu Zhong-Yi, Xiang Tao. First-principles study of electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity in compound Li2C2. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(21): 214701. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.214701
    [8] Wang Wei, Yin Xin-Guo. First-principles study on phonon properties of iron-based fluoride superconductors SrFe1-xCoxAsF (x=0, 0.125). Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(9): 097401. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.097401
    [9] Sun Jia-Fa, Wang Wei. Phonon softening and superconductivity of -pyrochlore oxide superconductors AOs2O6 (A=K, Rb). Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(13): 137402. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.137402
    [10] Xing Zhong-Wen, Liu Mei, Li Bin. Magnetism and phonon softening of LiFeAs superconductors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(7): 077402. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.077402
    [11] Gao Peng-Ju, Zhang Wen-Gong, Chen Shu-Qing, Zhou Xiu-Hua, Xiao Li-Zu. Research on the YBCO/PAN hybridized film and its superconductivity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(1): 583-586. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.583
    [12] Wang Wei, Sun Jia-Fa, Liu Mei, Liu Su. First-principles calculations on the electronic band structure of β-Pyrochlore superconductors AOs2O6 (A=K,Rb,Cs). Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(8): 5632-5639. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.5632
    [13] Zu Min, Zhang Ying-Zi, Wen Hai-Hu. The effect of thickness on the structure and superconductivity of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(11): 7257-7261. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.7257
    [14] First principles calculations of the effect of tension of MgB2 film on its superconductivity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(12): 7262-7265. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.7262
    [15] Ma Rong, Huang Gui-Qin, Liu Mei. Structure and superconductivity of the ternary silicide CaAlSi. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(8): 4960-4964. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.4960
    [16] Ma Rong, Zhang Jia-Hong, Du Jin-Li, Liu Su, Liu Mei. Virtual-crystal doping study in novel superconductor MgCNi3. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(12): 6580-6584. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.6580
    [17] Zhang Jia-Hong, Ma Rong, Liu Su, Liu Mei. First-principles calculations on the superconductivity and magnetism of doping MgCNi3. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(9): 4816-4821. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.4816
    [18] Chen Zhen-Ping, Xue Yun-Cai, Su Yu-Ling, Gong Shi-Cheng, Zhang Jin-Cang. Phase structures and local electron structures of Gd-doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ systems. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(11): 5382-5388. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.5382
    [19] Chen Li, Li Hua. Study on the electronic structure and superconductivity of MgCNi3. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(3): 922-926. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.922
    [20] Chen Zhi-Qian, Zheng Ren-Rong. . Acta Physica Sinica, 2002, 51(7): 1604-1607. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.1604
Metrics
  • Abstract views:  2961
  • PDF Downloads:  114
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  03 November 2023
  • Accepted Date:  25 November 2023
  • Available Online:  04 December 2023
  • Published Online:  05 December 2023

/

返回文章
返回
Baidu
map