Stimulated lasing and self-excited stimulated Raman scattering of Nd3+ doped silica microsphere pumped by 808 nm laser

Huang Yan-Tang; Peng Long-Xiang; Zhuang Shi-Jian; Li Qiang-Long; Liao Ting-Di; Xu Can-Hua; Duan Ya-Fan

doi:10.7498/aps.66.244208

Abstract

Self-stimulated Raman lasers have attracted more and more interest, because they have no need of additional Raman device, and they are compact in structure and also economical in cost. Self-stimulated Raman lasers are always emitted from crystalline mediums such as Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2, Nd3+:PbWO4 that are commonly used as laser host materials and proved to be available Raman-active mediums. The Nd3+ doped crystals possess high stimulated emission cross-section for laser emission and high Raman gain coefficients for Raman transitions, but the required pump powers (typically hundreds of milliwatts) are large in those experiments.The whispering-gallery mode (WGM) of silica microsphere cavity has achieved the highest Q factor (8×109) to date. The high Q factor and small mode volume make it possible to realize a resonant buildup of high circulating optical intensities, thereby drastically reducing the threshold powers for laser oscillation and stimulated nonlinear process. The coupler with optical fiber taper allows the excitation of WGMs with ultralow coupling loss, which significantly improves the overall efficiency to produce stimulated Raman laser. In this paper, we report the observation of ultralow threshold self-stimulated Raman laser operating in an Nd3+ doped silica microsphere, and the wavelength range can be extended to O-waveband 1143 nm.A high Q microsphere is fabricated with a thin Nd3+ doped silica layer covered by sol-gel method, in which smooth surface is formed by electrical arc-heating. An optical taper fiber is employed to couple the 808 nm laser into Nd3+ doped microsphere (NDSM) to form whispering gallery mode, which acts as the pump light. Based on 4f electron of neodymium ion transmission and optical oscillation in microsphere, the stimulated laser with a wavelength band of 1080 nm-1097 nm is excited. Due to high power density of the excited laser near the surface of orbit in microsphere, the first order self-stimulated Raman laser with a wavelength range of 1120-1143 nm is stimulated in the high Q microsphere. In a theoretical model, the formulas for calculating the output power and the threshold power of the oscillation laser and the self-stimulated Raman scattering are derived. In experiment, we succeed in getting single-mode and multi-mode laser oscillation due to the 4f layer electron transitions of Nd3+ ions, pumped by 808 nm laser. The results show that the NDSM emits a typical single-mode output laser at 1116.8 nm with a pump power of 8.33 dBm, also the relationship between the 1116.8 nm output power and the pump power with a threshold pump power of 3.5 mW. The multi-mode laser spectrum dependent on the microsphere morphology characteristics is observed, which varies by changing the couple position of the optical fiber taper with microsphere. The characteristics of the laser are discussed including the output power, threshold power, spectral line width, side-mode suppression ratio, etc. The NDSM will have many potential applications in new compact lasers. It is beneficial to wavelength converter and optical amplifier in O band.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Photonic Technology Research and Development Center, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
2.
College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

Corresponding author: Huang Yan-Tang, huangyantang@fzu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61405059).

References

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Cited By

[1]	Han L, Song F, Wan C S, Zou C G, Yan L H, Zhang K, Tian J G 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1751 (in Chinese) [韩琳, 宋峰, 万从尚, 邹昌光, 闫立华, 张康, 田建国 2007 56 1751]
[2]	Cong Z H, Liu Z J, Qin Z G, Zhang X Y, Zhang H J, Li J, Yu H H, Wang Q T 2015 Opt. Laser Technol. 73 50
[3]	Cai W Y, Dun Y M, Li J T, Yan L F, Mao M J, Zhao B, Zhu H Y 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 034206
[4]	Su F F, Zhang X Y, Wang Q P, Wu F Q, Li S T, Zhang X L, Cong Z H 2008 Opt. Mater. 30 1895
[5]	Deng J, Lin J P, Huang J H, Zheng H, Lin J H, Shi F, Dai S T, Weng W, Kang Z J, Jinag X, Liu J, Lin W X 2010 Chin. Opt. Lett. 8 293
[6]	Lee A J, Pask H M, Spence D J, Piper J A 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 682
[7]	Su F F, Zhang X Y, Wang Q P, Jia P, Li S T, Liu B, Zhang X L, Cong Z H, Wu F Q 2007 Opt. Commun. 277 379
[8]	Basiev T T, Vassiliev S V, Doroshenko M E, Osiko V V 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 65
[9]	Simons J, Pask H, Dekker P, Piper J A 2002 Proc. SPIE 57 4630
[10]	Chen Y F 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1251
[11]	Chen Y F 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2632
[12]	Su F F, Zhang X Y, Wang Q P, Ding S H, Jia P, Li S T, Fan S Z, Zhang C, Liu B 2006 J. Phys. D 39 2090
[13]	Min B, Kippenberg T J, Yang L, Vahala K J 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 033803
[14]	Ostby E P, Yang L, Vahala K J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2650
[15]	Yang L, Armani D K, Vahala K J 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 825
[16]	Yang L, Carmon T, Min B, Spillane S M, Vahala K J 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 091114
[17]	Wu T J, Huang Y T, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhang P J, Ma J 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 4747
[18]	Li Q L, Huang Y T, Lin Y J, Wu J S, Huang J, Wu T J 2015 Opt. Commun. 356 368
[19]	Guo C L, Huang Y, Zhang P J, Huang Y T 2013 Chin. J. Lasers 40 0302004 (in Chinese) [郭长磊, 黄玉, 张培进, 黄衍堂 2013 中国激光 40 0302004]
[20]	Jiang X F, Xiao Y F, Yang Q F, Shao L B, Clements W R, Gong Q G 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 101102
[21]	Min B, Kippenberg T J, Vahala K J 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 1507
[22]	Kippenberg T J, Spillane S M, Min B, Vahala K J 2004 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 10 1219
[23]	Kippenberg T J, Spillane S M, Armani D K, Vahala K J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1224
[24]	Spillane S M, Kippenberg T J, Vahala K J 2002 Nature 415 621
[25]	Zhang P J, Huang Y, Guo C L, Huang Y T 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 224207 (in Chinese) [张培进, 黄玉, 郭长磊, 黄衍堂 2013 62 224207]
[26]	Huang Y, Zhang P J, Guo C L, Huang Y T 2013 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 25 1385
[27]	Takao A, Parkins A S, Alton D J, Regal C A, Dayan B, Ostby E, Vahala K J, Kimble H J 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 083601
[28]	Alton D J, Stern N P, Takao A, Lee H, Ostby E, Vahala K J, Kimble H J 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 159
[29]	Barak D, Parkins A S, Takao A, Ostby E P, Vahala K J, Kimble H J 2008 Science 319 1062
[30]	Wang X H, Bao R Y, Huang Y T 2011 Inter. J. Theor. Phys. 50 473
[31]	Bao R Y, Wang X H, Huang Y T 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 083101
[32]	Li B B, Clements W R, Yu X C, Shi K B, Gong Q H, Xiao Y F 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 14657
[33]	Armani A M, Armani D K, Min B, Vahala K J, Spillane S M 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 151118
[34]	Cai Z P, Xu H Y 2003 Sens. Actuators A: Phys. 108 187
[35]	Guo C L, Che K J, Zhang P, Wu J S, Huang Y T, Xu H Y, Cai Z P 2015 Opt. Express 23 32261
[36]	Wu T J, Huang Y T, Ma J, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhang P J, Guo C L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 217805 (in Chinese) [吴天娇, 黄衍堂, 马靖, 黄婧, 黄玉, 张培进, 郭长磊 2014 63 217805]
[37]	Huang Y T, Huang Y, Zhang P J, Guo C L 2014 AIP Adv. 4 027113

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