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Transport channel of the electron beam in a short-wavelength free-electron laser is quite narrow and long, which is needed for the electrons to have excellent motion feature so as to prevent the transverse divergence. In this paper the characteristics of the ultra-relativistic electron motion in a planar wiggler filed with transverse distribution are studied by analytical derivation, nonlinear simulations and Kolmogorov entropy calculations. Results show that the wiggler not only forces the electron to periodically wiggle on the transverse plane, but also superpose a transverse shift motion leaving away from the wiggler axis, which leads to the transverse divergence of the electron motion in the absence of an external magnetic focusing system. However, it is shown that the proper choice of the initial value of the electron transverse velocity could suppress the transverse motion divergence, where the electron can smoothly pass through a narrow and long channel with a length of 10 m and a width of 0.09 mm and the electron motion is stable even if there is no external magnetic focusing system.
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Keywords:
- short-wavelength free-electron laser /
- planar wiggler /
- ultra-relativistic electron motion /
- motion stability
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[9] Dai J, Deng H, Dai Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 034802
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[20] Huang Z, Kim K J 2007 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10 034801
[21] Wang X J, Freund H, Harder D, Miner W, Murphy J, Qian H, Shen Y, Yang X 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 154801
[22] Ruan J, Johnson A, Lumpkin A, Thurman-Keup R, Edwards H, Fliller R, Koeth T, Sun Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 244801
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[1] Marshall T C 1985 Free-Electron Lasers (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company) Chaps. 1, 2, 3
[2] Zhang S C 1994 Introduction of Free-Electron Lasers (Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press) Chaps. 1, 2, 3, 6 (in Chinese) [张世昌 1994自由电子激光导论 (成都: 西南交通大学出版社) 第1, 2, 3, 6章]
[3] Fratalocchi A, Ruocco G 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 105504
[4] Emma P, Akre R, Arthur J, Binota R, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Brachmann A, Bucksbaum P, Coffee R, Decker F J, Ding Y, Dowell D, Edstrom S, Fisher A, Frisch J, Gilevich S, Hastings J, Hays G, Hering P, Huang Z, Iverson R, Loos H, Messerschmidt M, Miahnahri A, Moeller S, Nuhn H, Pile G, Ratner D, Rzepiela J, Schultz D, Smith T, Stefan P, Tompkins H, Turner J, Welch J, White W, Wu J, Yocky G, Galayda J 2012 Nature Photonics 4 641
[5] Tanaka H, Kouto S, Hyogo S 2011 Proc. IPAC 2011 (Spain: San Sebastian) pp21-25; also: Tersuya 2011 Synchrotron Radiation News 24 20
[6] Ishikawa T, Aoyagi H, Asaka T, Asano Y, Azumi N, Bizen T, Ego H, Fukami K, Fukui T, Furukawa Y, Goto S, Hanaki H, Hara T, Hasegawa T, Hatsui T, Higashiya A, Hirono T, Hosoda N, Ishii M, Inagaki T, Inubushi Y, Itoga T, Joti Y, Kago M, Kameshima T, Kimura H, Kirihara Y, Kiyomichi A, Kobayashi T, Kondo C, Kudo T, Maesaka H, Maréchal X, Masuda T, Matsubara S, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Matsui S, Nagasono M, Nariyama N, Ohashi H, Toru Ohata T, Ohshima T, Ono S, Otake Y, Saji C, Sakurai T, Sato T, Sawada K, Seike T, Shirasawa K, Sugimoto T, Suzuki S, Takahashi S, Takebe H, Takeshita K, Tamasaku K, Tanaka H, Tanaka R, Tanaka T, Togashi T, Togawa K, Tokuhisa A, Tomizawa H, Tono K, Wu S, Yabashi M, Yamaga M, Yamashita A, Yanagida K, Zhang C, Shintake T, Kitamura H, Kumagai N 2012 Nature Photonics 6 540
[7] Jiang B, Power J, Lindberg R, Liu W, Gai W 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 114801
[8] Labat M, Bellaveglia M, Bougeard M, Carre B, Ciocci F, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Couprie M, Cultrera L, DelFranco M, DiPirro G, Drago A, Ferrario M, Filippetto D, Frassetto F, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gatti G, Giannessi L, Lambert G, Mostacci A, Petralia A, Petrillo V, Poletto L, Quattromini M, Rau J, Ronsivalle C, Sabia E, Serluca M, Spassovsky I, Surrenti V, Vaccarezza C, Vicario C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 224801
[9] Dai J, Deng H, Dai Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 034802
[10] Laban D, Palmer A, Wallace W, Gaffney N, Notermans R, Clevis T, Pullen M, Jiang D, Quiney H, Litvinyuk I, Kielpinski D, Sang R 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 263902
[11] Inubushi Y, Tono K, Togashi T, Sato T, Hatsui, T, Kameshima T, Togawa K, Hara T, Tanaka T, Tanaka H, Ishikawa T, Yabashi M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 144801
[12] Okamoto K, Noma T, Komoto A, Kubo W, Takahashi M, Iida A, Miyata H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 233907
[13] Fang L, Osipov T, Murphy B, Tarantelli F, Kukk E, Cryan J, Glownia M, Bucksbaum P, Coffee R, Chen M, Buth C, Berrah N 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 263001
[14] Yang X, Shen Y, Podobedov B, Hidaka Y, Seletskiy S, Wang X 2012 Phys. Rev. E 85 026404
[15] Lindberg R, Shvyd'ko Y 2012 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15 050706
[16] Freund H, Ganguly A 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 1060
[17] Zhang S C 2013 Phys. Lett. A 377 319
[18] Huang X L, Wang S J, Xu Y G, Zhang S C 2012 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 15 120702
[19] Xu Y G, Wang S J, Ji Y P, Xu J Y, Lu H, Liu X X, Zhang S C 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 084104 (in Chinese) [徐勇根, 王时建, 吉妤嫔, 徐竟跃, 卢宏, 刘晓旭, 张世昌 2013 62 084104]
[20] Huang Z, Kim K J 2007 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10 034801
[21] Wang X J, Freund H, Harder D, Miner W, Murphy J, Qian H, Shen Y, Yang X 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 154801
[22] Ruan J, Johnson A, Lumpkin A, Thurman-Keup R, Edwards H, Fliller R, Koeth T, Sun Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 244801
[23] Zhang S C, Liu Q X, Xu Y 1994 Acta Phys. Sin. 43 225 (in Chinese) [张世昌, 刘庆想, 徐勇 1994 43 225]
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