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将引力形状因子推广到了手征费米子的情形, 并由此给出了熟知的自旋-涡旋耦合. 计算了量子电动力学等离子体中引力形状因子的辐射修正. 发现形状因子中存在两个结构对费米子在涡旋场中的散射振幅有贡献, 其中之一来自于费米子的自能修正, 指向介质中自旋-涡旋耦合的压低; 另一结构来自于对引力子-费米子顶点的修正, 这一修正不能解释为势能, 而是对应初末态的跃迁矩阵元. 两个结构均对手征涡旋效应产生贡献. 辐射修正总的效果是对手征涡旋效应的增强. 本文的结果从形状因子的角度澄清了自旋-涡旋耦合以及手征涡旋效应的联系和区别. 另外, 讨论了上述结果在量子色动力学等离子体中的应用, 结果暗示辐射修正可能对重离子碰撞的自旋极化现象有一定效应.We generalize the gravitational form factor for chiral fermion in vacuum, which reproduces the well-known spin-vorticity coupling. We also calculate radiative correction to the gravitational form factors in quantum electrodynamics plasma. We find two structures in the form factors contributing to the scattering amplitude of fermion in vorticity field, one is from the fermon self-energy correction, pointing to suppression of spin-vorticity coupling in medium; the other strucutre comes from graviton-fermion vertex correction, which does not adopt potential interpretation, but corresponds to transition matrix element between initial and final states. Both structures contribute to chiral vortical effect. The net effect is that radiative correction enhances the chiral vortical effect. Our results claify the relation and difference between spin-vorticity coupling and chiral vortical effect from the perspective of form factors. We also discuss the application of the results in QCD plasma, indicating radiative correction might have an appreciable effect in spin polarization effect in heavy ion collisions.
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Keywords:
- gravitational form factor /
- spin-vorticity coupling /
- radiative correction /
- heavy ion collisions
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图 1 包含引力子-光子-费米子顶点的辐射修正图, 箭头方向表示动量方向. 类似的两幅光子传播子连接到另一外线的图未画出
Fig. 1. Radiative correction diagrams containing graviton-photon-fermion vertex, with arrows indicating direction of momenta. Two similar diagrams with photon propagator connecting to the other external leg not shown
图 3 包含引力子-光子顶点的辐射修正图, 箭头方向表示动量方向
Fig. 3. Radiative correction diagrams containing graviton-photon vertex, with arrows indicating direction of momenta
图 2 包含引力子-费米子顶点的辐射修正图, 箭头方向表示动量方向
Fig. 2. Radiative correction diagrams containing graviton-fermion vertex, with arrows indicating direction of momenta
图 4 费米子外线的辐射修正图, 箭头方向表示动量方向. 类似的两幅另一条外线的修正图未画出.
Fig. 4. Diagrams for radiative correction to external fermion leg, with arrows indicating direction of momenta. Similar diagrams for correction to the other external leg not shown.
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[1] Adamczyk L, et al. 2017 Nature 548 62
[2] Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 102301 [erratum: 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 039901]
[3] Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Lett. B 629 20
Google Scholar
[4] Gao J H, Chen S W, Deng W T, Liang Z T, Wang Q, Wang X N 2008 Phys. Rev. C 77 044902
Google Scholar
[5] Huang X G, Huovinen P, Wang X N 2011 Phys. Rev. C 84 054910
Google Scholar
[6] Jiang Y, Lin Z W, Liao J 2016 Phys. Rev. C 94 044910 [erratum: 2017 Phys. Rev. C 95 049904]
[7] Gao J H, Ma G L, Pu S, Wang Q 2020 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31 90
Google Scholar
[8] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2020 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31 56
Google Scholar
[9] Becattini F, Lisa M A 2020 Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 70 395
Google Scholar
[10] 孙旭, 周晨升, 陈金辉, 陈震宇, 马余刚, 唐爱洪, 徐庆华 2023 72 072401
Google Scholar
Sun X, Zhou C S, Chen J H, Chen Z Y, Ma Y G, Tang A H, Xu Q H 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072401
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
Gao J H, Huang X G, Liang Z T, Wang Q, Wang X N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072501
Google Scholar
[12] Becattini F, Karpenko I 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 012302
Google Scholar
[13] Wei D X, Deng W T, Huang X G 2019 Phys. Rev. C 99 014905
Google Scholar
[14] Fu B, Xu K, Huang X G, Song H 2021 Phys. Rev. C 103 024903
Google Scholar
[15] Adam J, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 132301
Google Scholar
[16] Liu S Y F, Yin Y 2021 JHEP 07 188
Google Scholar
[17] Becattini F, Buzzegoli M, Palermo A 2021 Phys. Lett. B 820 136519
Google Scholar
[18] Hidaka Y, Pu S, Yang D L 2018 Phys. Rev. D 97 016004
Google Scholar
[19] Fu B, Liu S Y F, Pang L, Song H, Yin Y 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 142301
Google Scholar
[20] Becattini F, Buzzegoli M, Inghirami G, Karpenko I, Palermo A 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 272302
Google Scholar
[21] Yi C, Pu S, Yang D L 2021 Phys. Rev. C 104 064901
Google Scholar
[22] Fu B, Pang L, Song H, Yin Y 2022 arXiv: 2201.12970 [hep-ph]
[23] Wu X Y, Yi C, Qin G Y, Pu S 2022 Phys. Rev. C 105 064909
Google Scholar
[24] Lin S, Wang Z 2022 JHEP 12 030
Google Scholar
[25] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2022 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 65 272011
Google Scholar
[26] Kobzarev I Y, Okun L B 1962 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 43 1904
[27] Pagels H 1966 Phys. Rev. 144 1250
Google Scholar
[28] Donoghue J F, Holstein B R, Robinett R W 1984 Phys. Rev. D 30 2561
Google Scholar
[29] Donoghue J F, Holstein B R, Robinett R W 1985 Gen. Rel. Grav. 17 207
Google Scholar
[30] Buzzegoli M, Kharzeev D E 2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 116005
Google Scholar
[31] Hou D F, Liu H, Ren H C 2012 Phys. Rev. D 86 121703
Google Scholar
[32] Polyakov M V, Schweitzer P 2018 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 33 1830025
Google Scholar
[33] Chen J Y, Son D T, Stephanov M A, Yee H U, Yin Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 182302
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[36] Hattori K, Hidaka Y, Yang D L 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 096011
Google Scholar
[37] Weickgenannt N, Sheng X L, Speranza E, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056018
Google Scholar
[38] Gao J H, Liang Z T 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056021
Google Scholar
[39] Liu Y C, Mameda K, Huang X G 2020 Chin. Phys. C 44 094101 [erratum: 2021 Chin. Phys. C 45 089001]
[40] Guo X 2020 Chin. Phys. C 44 104106
Google Scholar
[41] Chou K C, Su Z B, Hao B l, Yu L 1985 Phys. Rep. 118 1
Google Scholar
[42] Bellac M L 2011 Thermal Field Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp118–140
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Google Scholar
[44] Fang R H, Dong R D, Hou D F, Sun B D 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 091201
Google Scholar
[45] 赵新丽, 马国亮, 马余刚 2023 Accepted
Zhao X L, Ma G L, Ma Y G 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[46] Gao L L, Huang X G 2022 Chin. Phys. Lett. 39 021101
Google Scholar
[47] Abdallah M S, et al. 2023 Nature 614 7947
Google Scholar
[48] Wang X N 2023 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 34 15
Google Scholar
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