室温磁制冷技术的研究进展

李振兴; 李珂; 沈俊; 戴巍; 高新强; 郭小惠; 公茂琼

doi:10.7498/aps.66.110701

摘要

室温磁制冷具有绿色环保、内禀高效、低噪音与低振动等优点，有望成为室温制冷领域中的一种重要选择.本文首先简述了磁热效应等基本概念，阐述了磁制冷热力学循环，重点介绍由基本循环构成的复合式磁制冷循环、主动磁制冷循环以及耦合气体回热式制冷的主动磁制冷循环等.随后描述了室温磁制冷系统的不同维度数值模型的特点，介绍了模型中磁热效应、多层主动磁回热器、退磁效应等重要项的表述方式及其他因子对系统性能的影响.根据室温系统运动部件和运动方式的不同，将室温磁制冷样机细化为四类系统，包括往复磁体式、往复回热器式、旋转磁体式和旋转回热器式.结合样机的近期实验进展，分析了不同类别室温系统的结构、运行和性能等特性.最后，总结了室温磁制冷技术的未来发展趋势.

关键词:

Abstract

refrigeration technology. It has been considered as one of promising alternatives to traditional vapor compression refrigeration technology. Magnetic refrigeration, in which solid magnetic materials instead of gaseous refrigerants are used, is based on the magnetocaloric effect. When magnetocaloric material moves in or out of magnetic field, it releases heat due to magnetization or absorbs heat due to demagnetization, respectively. In this paper, magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) and basic thermodynamic cycles are briefly described at first. Some typical magnetic refrigeration cycles are introduced from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, which include hybrid cycle, cycle based on the active magnetic regenerator and cycle based on the active magnetic regenerator coupled with gas regenerative refrigeration. Specifically, magnetic refrigeration cycle based on the active magnetic regenerator (AMR) coupled with gas regenerative refrigeration is a novel idea that combines the magnetocaloric effect with the regenerative gas expansion refrigeration. And it has been under the way to try to achieve greater refrigeration performance of the coupled refrigerator in the research institutions. Thereafter, the paper reviews the existing different numerical models of AMR refrigerator. Analyzing and optimizing an AMR magnetic refrigerator are typical complicated multi-physics problems, which include heat transfer, fluid dynamics and magnetics. The majority of models published are based on one-dimensional simplification, which requires shorter computation time and lower computation resources. Because a one-dimensional model idealizes many factors important for the system performance, two- or three- dimensional numerical models have been setup. Besides, some key items for the model are described in detail, such as magnetocaloric effect, thermal conduction, thermal losses, demagnetizing effect and magnetic hysteresis. Considering the accuracy, convergence and computation time, it is quite vital for numerical models to choose some influential factors reasonably. Then, the recent typical room magnetic refrigeration systems are listed and grouped into four types, i.e., reciprocating-magnet type, reciprocating-regenerator type, rotary-magnet type, and rotaryregenerators type. Different characteristics of these four types are compared. Reciprocating magnetic refrigerators have the advantages of simple construction and max magnetic field intensity difference. Rotary magnetic refrigerator due to compact construction, higher operational frequency and better performance is deemed as a more promising type, in the progress of magnetic refrigeration technology. Meanwhile there are still some key challenges in the practical implementation of magnetic refrigeration technology, such as the development and preparation technologies of high-performance MCE materials, powerful magnetic circuit system and flowing condition. Finally, possible applications are discussed and the tendency of future development is given.

Keywords:

room temperature magnetic refrigeration /
magnetocaloric effect /
thermodynamic cycle /
numerical simulation model

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院理化技术研究所, 低温工程学重点实验室, 北京 100190;

2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

通信作者: 沈俊, jshen@mail.ipc.ac.cn;cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn ; 戴巍, jshen@mail.ipc.ac.cn;cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：51322605，51676198）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Shen Jun, jshen@mail.ipc.ac.cn;cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn ; Dai Wei, jshen@mail.ipc.ac.cn;cryodw@mail.ipc.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51322605, 51676198).

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