基于叠层衍射的数字水印算法研究

刘祥磊; 潘泽; 王雅丽; 史祎诗

doi:10.7498/aps.64.234201

摘要

基于叠层衍射成像原理提出了一种新的衍射数字水印算法:叠层水印. 通过双随机相位编码和探针, 实现对水印图像的分块加密, 密文经过衰减处理, 加载在振幅型宿主图像的空域上, 伪探针记录下宿主图像, 并加载到传输图像的相位上. 模拟实验结果表明: 首先, 叠层水印可以很好地提取水印图像的振幅、相位信息. 其次, 叠层水印可以解决水印不可感知性与密文信息提取质量之间的矛盾. 最后, 通过鲁棒性研究验证了: 叠层水印具有很好的抗噪声和抗剪切能力, 并且可以通过增加探针的数目和交叠率进一步提高其鲁棒性, 并给出其在GIF图像上的应用.

关键词:

Abstract

We propose a method for watermarking algorithm using ptychographical imaging. The proposed method uses four probes and one fake probe for illumination, orderly. And five weighted double phase-encoded hidden images are added to a host image that is referred to as the transmitted image. Specifically, the amplitude of the transmitted image contains encoded and attenuated watermark image. And the phase of the transmitted image is the host image due to the application of the fake probe. We develop an analytical presentation for the experimental principle using mathematical derivation of the fake probe and ptychographical imaging. We test analytically the distortion of the transmitted image that is due to noise jamming and the effect of the occlusion of the pixels of the transmitted image. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the probe number and probe overlap rate on system robustness, respectively. Results of computer simulations are presented. First, the amplitude and phase of the watermark image are extracted well. Second, the contradiction between watermark imperceptible and watermark extraction quality can be resolved. Third, the simulations illustrate the system ability to extract the watermark image under distortions and the robustness of the transmitted image against removal trials. Furthermore, the robustness of the system is improved, as the number or overlap rate of the probe increases. In the end, the proposed method is applied to GIF images.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

2.
中国科学院光电研究院, 北京 100094;

3.
中国科学院信息工程研究所, 信息安全国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

通信作者: 史祎诗, sysopt@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61575197, 61307018)、国家杰出青年科学基金项目(批准号: 61225024)、中国科学院优博论文启动基金, 中国科学院大学校长基金, 中国科学院科教结合项目和香港王宽诚教育基金会资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

2.
Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;

3.
State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Corresponding author: Shi Yi-Shi, sysopt@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grand Nos. 61575197, 61307018), the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 61225024), the Starting Foundation for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the President Foundation of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Fusion Foundation of Research and Education of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, the K. C. Wong Education Foundation, China.

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Takai N, Mifune Y 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 865
[2]	Kishk S, Javidi B 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 5462
[3]	Kishk S, Javidi B 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 167
[4]	Kishk S, Javidi B 2003 Opt. Express 11 874
[5]	Clemente P, Durán V, Torres-Company V, Tajahuerce E, Lancis J 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2391
[6]	Chen W, Chen X, Sheppard C J R 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 3817
[7]	Hua L-L, Xu N, Yang G 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 064201
[8]	Shi Y, Li T, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang S, Li H 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1425
[9]	Refregier P, Javidi B 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 767
[10]	Chang H T, Tsan C L 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 6211
[11]	Situ G, Zhang J 2005 Opt. Commun. 245 55
[12]	He M Z, Cai L Z, Liu Q, Wang X C, Meng X F 2005 Opt. Commun. 247 29
[13]	Kim H, Lee Y H 2005 Opt. Express 13 2881
[14]	Shi Y S, Situ G H, Zhang J J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 1914
[15]	Shi X Y, Zhao D M 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 766
[16]	Wang Y L, Shi Y S, Li T, Gao Q K, Xiao J, Zhang S G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064206 (in Chinese) [王雅丽, 史祎诗, 李拓, 高乾坤, 肖俊, 张三国 2013 62 064206]
[17]	Gao Q, Wang Y, Li T, Shi Y 2014 Appl Opt. 53 4700
[18]	Hoppe W 1969 Acta Cryst. A 25 495
[19]	Hoppe W 1982 Ultramicroscopy. 10 187
[20]	Faulkner H M L, Rodenburg J M 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 023903
[21]	Rodenburg J M, Faulkner H M L 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 4795
[22]	Rodenburg J M, Hurst A C, Cullis A G 2007 Ultramicroscopy. 107 227
[23]	Rodenburg J M, Hurst A C, Cullis A G, Dobson B R, Pfeiffer F, Bunk O, David C, Jefimovs K, Johnson I 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 034801
[24]	Thibault P, Dierolf M, Menzel A, Bunk O, David C, Pfeiffer F 2008 Science 321 379
[25]	Maiden A M, Rodenburg J M, Humphry M J 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2585

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