一种新型介质结构的超传输电磁特性研究

王娟娟; 黄志祥; 方明; 张亚光; 吴先良

doi:10.7498/aps.64.110201

摘要

光入射到不同折射率材料的分界面时会很自然地产生反射现象. 在很多的工业应用中, 例如太阳能电池, 衬底的引入会在其表面产生反射损耗. 至今为止, 人们提出很多方法用来克服这一问题, 比较常见的有介质涂层、表面纹理、绝热折射率匹配和散射等离激元纳米粒子. 本文利用二维周期排布的亚波长级硅纳米圆柱阵列来降低衬底表面的反射. 结合辅助微分方程和时域有限差分法对该结构的散射特性进行系统研究, 结果发现, 纳米圆柱粒子能够产生类似于在金属表面发生的超传输现象, 这种现象的发生基于介质衬底耦合Mie共振机理, 该机理能在整个紫外到近红外光谱范围内将能量耦合到衬底中, 从而降低衬底表面的反射; 同时当散射结构被放置在具有高光学态密度的高折射率衬底附近时, 会产生较强的前向散射, 也能有效的减少后向散射即反射的发生. 基于降低衬底表面反射这一目的而言, 我们设计的结构可为实际太阳能电池及光学天线的设计提供参考.

关键词:

Abstract

Reflection is a natural phenomenon that occurs when light passes the interface between materials with different refractive index. In many applications, such as solar cells, introduction of a substrate will result in an increase in reflection. There are many ways to reduce the reflection from a substrate, which have been investigated so far, including dielectric interference coatings, surface texturing, adiabatic index matching, and scattering from plasmonic nanoparticles etc. Here we present an entirely new concept to eliminate reflection from a silicon wafer, which makes use of much simpler method than the ones reported before, and can be applied to any high-index material. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method and auxiliary differential equations are used in this paper to simulate a new structure that can suppress the reflection of light from a silicon surface over a broad spectral range. A two-dimensional periodic array of subwavelength silicon nanocylinders is designed, which possesses a phenomenon strongly substrate-coupled to the Mie resonances, and which can produce an extraordinary transmission phenomenon similar to the metal surface plasmon that yields almost zero total reflectance over the entire spectral range from ultraviolet to near-infrared. This new antireflection concept relies on the strong forward scattering that occurs when a scattering structure is placed in close proximity to a high-index substrate with a high optical density of states. For a detailed description of the problem, we have carried out some simulations. From the results, one can see that although nano-pillar covers only 30% of the substrate surface area, it can reduce the reflection from the surface from 30% to under 10% at the Mie resonance. For the purpose of reducing reflection from the substrate, this new structure designed may provide a reference for the actual solar cells and optical antenna design.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
安徽大学电子信息工程学院, 计算智能与信号处理实验室, 合肥 230039;

2.
合肥师范学院电子信息工程学院, 合肥 230061

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号:61471001,61101064,51277001)、安徽省杰出青年基金(批准号:1108085J01)、教育部新世纪优秀人才基金(批准号:NCET-12-0596)、安徽省高校自然科学基金(批准号:KJ2011A002,KJ2011A242,KJ2012A013)和教育部博士点基金(批准号:20123401110009)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China;

2.
Electronics and Information Engineering of Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61471001, 61101064, 51277001), the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 1108085J01), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-12-0596), the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. KJ2011A002, KJ2011A242, KJ2012A013), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20123401110009).

参考文献

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[14]	Vernon K C, Funston A M, Novo C, Gómez D E, Mulvaney P, Davis T J 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2080
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[19]	Ren X G, Huang Z X, Wu X L, Lu S L, Wang H, Wu L, Li S 2012 Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 1192
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[22]	Mie G 1908 Ann. Phys. 330 377
[23]	Bohren C F, Huffman D R 1998 Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Heppenheim:Wiley-VCH) p83
[24]	Deinega A, Valnev I, Potapkin B, Lozovik Y 2011 J. Opt. Am. A 28 770
[25]	Taflove A, Hagness S G 2000 Computational Electrodynamics:The Finite-Difference Time-domain Method (2rd) (London:Artech House Publishers) p235
[26]	Hu Q F, Xu H, Liu J, Zhuo H B, Chi L H, Jiang J, Yan Y H 2009 Comput. Eng. Sci 31 188 (in Chinese) [胡庆丰, 徐涵, 刘杰, 卓红斌, 迟利华, 蒋杰, 晏益慧 2009 计算机工程与科学 31 188]
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[28]	Ginn J C, Brener I, Peters D W, Wendt J R, Stevens J O, Hines P F, Basilio L I, Warne L K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 097402
[29]	Miroshnichenko A E, Kivshar Y S 2012 Nano Lett. 12 6459
[30]	Evlyukhin A B, Novikov S M, Zywietz U, Eriksen R L, Reinhardt C, Bozhevolnyi S I, Chichkov B N 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3749
[31]	García-Etxarri A, Gómez-Medina R, Froufe-Pérez L S, López C, Chantada L, Scheffold F, Aizpurua J, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Sáenz J J 2011 Opt. Express 19 4815
[32]	Huang Z, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 187402
[33]	Rayleigh J W S 1907 Philos. Mag. 14 60
[34]	Kippenberg T J, Tchebotareva A L, Kalkman J, Polman A, Vahala K J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 027

施引文献

[1]	Ding M, Xue H, Wu B, Sun B B, Liu Z, Huang Z X, Wu X L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 044218 (in Chinese) [丁敏, 薛辉, 吴博, 孙兵兵, 刘政, 黄志祥, 吴先良 2013 62 044218]
[2]	Zhang J C, Xiong L M, Fang M, He H B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 044201
[3]	He S X, Yu G J, Zhu Z Y 2012 International Conference on Solid State Device and Materials Los Angels, Elsevier, April 1-2, 2012 p854
[4]	Macleod H A 2001 Thin-Film Optical Filters (3rd) (Florida:CRC Press) p668
[5]	Lamers M W P E 2012 Prog. Photovolt 20 62
[6]	Southwell W H 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 8 549
[7]	Liu W, Miroshnichenko A E, Neshev D N, Kivshar Y S 2012 ACS Nano. 6 5489
[8]	Pellegrini G, Mazzoldi P, Mattei G 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 21536
[9]	Catchpole K R, Polman A 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 191113
[10]	Knight M W, Wu Y, Lassiter J B, Nordlander P, Halas N J 2009 Nano Lett. 9 2188
[11]	Spinelli P, Hebbink M, Waele R, Black L, Lenzmann F, Polman A 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1760
[12]	Atwater H A, Polman A 2010 Nat. Mater 9 205
[13]	Catchpole K R, Polman A 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 191113
[14]	Vernon K C, Funston A M, Novo C, Gómez D E, Mulvaney P, Davis T J 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2080
[15]	Chen H J, Ming T, Zhang S R, Jin Z, Yang B C, Wang J F 2011 ACS Nano 5 4865
[16]	Chen H J, Shao L, Ming T, Woo K C, Man Y C, Wang J F, Lin H Q 2011 ACS Nano. 5 6754
[17]	Wu Y, Nordlander P 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 7302
[18]	Cao L, Fan P, Vasudev A P, White J S, Yu Z, Cai W, Schuller J A, Fan S, Brongersma M L 2010 Nano Lett. 10 439
[19]	Ren X G, Huang Z X, Wu X L, Lu S L, Wang H, Wu L, Li S 2012 Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 1192
[20]	Wang H, Wu B, Huang Z X, Wu X L 2013 Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 862
[21]	Wang H, Huang Z X, Wu X L, Ren X G, Wu B 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 070203 (in Chinese) [王辉, 黄志祥, 吴先良, 任信刚, 吴博 2014 63 070203]
[22]	Mie G 1908 Ann. Phys. 330 377
[23]	Bohren C F, Huffman D R 1998 Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Heppenheim:Wiley-VCH) p83
[24]	Deinega A, Valnev I, Potapkin B, Lozovik Y 2011 J. Opt. Am. A 28 770
[25]	Taflove A, Hagness S G 2000 Computational Electrodynamics:The Finite-Difference Time-domain Method (2rd) (London:Artech House Publishers) p235
[26]	Hu Q F, Xu H, Liu J, Zhuo H B, Chi L H, Jiang J, Yan Y H 2009 Comput. Eng. Sci 31 188 (in Chinese) [胡庆丰, 徐涵, 刘杰, 卓红斌, 迟利华, 蒋杰, 晏益慧 2009 计算机工程与科学 31 188]
[27]	Lu S L, Wu X L, Ren X G, Mei Y S, Shen J, Huang Z X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 194701 (in Chinese) [鲁思龙, 吴先良, 任信钢, 梅诣偲, 沈晶, 黄志祥 2012 61 194701]
[28]	Ginn J C, Brener I, Peters D W, Wendt J R, Stevens J O, Hines P F, Basilio L I, Warne L K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 097402
[29]	Miroshnichenko A E, Kivshar Y S 2012 Nano Lett. 12 6459
[30]	Evlyukhin A B, Novikov S M, Zywietz U, Eriksen R L, Reinhardt C, Bozhevolnyi S I, Chichkov B N 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3749
[31]	García-Etxarri A, Gómez-Medina R, Froufe-Pérez L S, López C, Chantada L, Scheffold F, Aizpurua J, Nieto-Vesperinas M, Sáenz J J 2011 Opt. Express 19 4815
[32]	Huang Z, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 187402
[33]	Rayleigh J W S 1907 Philos. Mag. 14 60
[34]	Kippenberg T J, Tchebotareva A L, Kalkman J, Polman A, Vahala K J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 027

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