标准化降水蒸发指数的改进与适用性评价

赵静; 严登华; 杨志勇; 胡勇; 翁白莎; 宫博亚

doi:10.7498/aps.64.049202

摘要

针对标准化降水蒸发指数中Thornthwaite方法对干旱区估算误差较大的问题, 采用FAO Penman-Monteith方法计算潜在蒸发, 改进标准化降水蒸发指数计算方法. 应用1961–2013 年全国541个气象站点逐日观测资料, 从分布检验以及与标准化降水指数、Palmer干旱指数、实测土壤湿度等常用干旱指标一致性校核等方面, 评估改进前后标准化降水蒸发指数在区域和季节上的适用性. 结果表明: 改进蒸发能力计算方法能够显著提高标准化降水蒸发指数的区域和季节适用范围, 使标准化降水蒸发指数能够应用于全国不同季节的干旱评估, 改进了干旱区标准化降水蒸发指数冬季适用性不高的不足, 改进后的标准化降水蒸发指数在年尺度及月尺度上的干旱评估能力均得到改善, 满足我国以季节性干旱为主的干旱评估需求.

关键词:

Abstract

In view of the question about larger estimate error in arid areas by using the Thornthwaite method of estimating potential evaporation in the process of calculating standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, we use the FAO Penman-Monteith method instead of Thornthwaite method to improve the method of calculating the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Based on the 1961-2013 daily meteorological data offered by 541 stations of Meteorology Bureau, the distribution of test and standardized rainfall index, Palmer drought severity index and soil moisture are used to analyze the consistency with standardized rainfall evaporation index when used to evaluate drought in the applicability of area and season. Result shows that the improvement on the method of evaporation capacity calculation can significantly expand the application of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in area and season, making standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index applied to national drought assessment well, making up the shortcomings in the applicability of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index in winter at a short time scale level in arid region. In addition, both yearly time scale and monthly time scale of drought assessment ability about modified standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index are improved, meeting the demand for drought assessment in our country, which is given priority to seasonal drought.

Keywords:

standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index /
improvement /
Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test /
contrast

作者及机构信息

1.
东华大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海 201620;

2.
中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所, 北京 100038;

3.
安徽省 · 淮委水利科学研究院, 合肥 230088

基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划(批准号: 2012BAC19B03, 2013BAC10B01)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51279207, 51409266)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;

2.
Water Resources Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;

3.
Anhui and Huaihe River Water Resources Research Institute, Hefei 230088, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2012BAC19B03, 2013BAC10B01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51279207, 51409266).

参考文献

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[7]	Zhang D Q, Feng G L, Hu J G 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 736
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[14]	Entin J K 1999 Meteorol. Soc. Japan 77 183
[15]	Entin J K 2000 Geophys. Res. 105 11865
[16]	Srinivasan G 2000 Geophys. Res. 105 26635
[17]	China Meterological Administration 2006 GB/T20481-2006 (Beijing: China Standard Press) (in Chinese) [中国气象局 2006 GB/T20481-2006 (北京: 中国标准出版社)]
[18]	Zhu H B, He L J 2009 J. Capital Coll. Phys. Educ. 21 466 (in Chinese) [朱红兵, 何丽娟 2009 首都体育学院学报 21 466]
[19]	Weng B S, Yan D H 2010 Resour. Sci. 32 309 (in Chinese) [翁白莎, 严登华 2010 资源科学 32 309]
[20]	Ye M, Qian Z H, Wu Y P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139203 (in Chinese) [叶敏, 钱忠华, 吴永萍 2013 62 139203]
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[22]	McKee T B, Doesken N J, Kleist J 1995 Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology (Boston: Boston American Meteorological Society) p233
[23]	Hu C L 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Information Science and Technogy) (in Chinese) [胡春丽 2007 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京信息工程大学)]
[24]	Wen K G, Xie P 2005 Meteorological Disasters Ceremony Chinese (Beijing Vol.) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p33 (in Chinese) [温克刚, 谢璞 2005 中国气象灾害大典(北京卷) (北京: 气象出版社)第33页]

施引文献

[1]	Vicente-Serrano S M, Beguería S, López-Moreno J I 2010 J. Climate 23 1696
[2]	Wang L, Chen W 2014 Plateau Meteorol. 33 423 (in Chinese) [王林, 陈文 2014 高原气象 33 423]
[3]	Li W G, Hou M T, Chen H L, Chen X M 2012 J. Nat. Disasters 21 84 (in Chinese) [李伟光, 侯美亭, 陈汇林, 陈小敏 2012 自然灾害学报 21 84]
[4]	Xiong G J 2013 M. S. Disssertation (Lanzhou: Lanzhou University) (in Chinese) [熊光洁 2013 硕士学位论文 (兰州: 兰州大学)]
[5]	Zhang D Q, Zhang L, Yang J, Feng G L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 655 (in Chinese) [章大全, 张璐, 杨杰, 封国林 2010 59 655]
[6]	Ma Z G 2005 Chin. J. Geophys. 48 1011 (in Chinese) [马柱国 2005 地球 48 1011]
[7]	Zhang D Q, Feng G L, Hu J G 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 736
[8]	Thornthwaite C W 1948 Geog. Rev. 38 55
[9]	Zhuang S W, Zuo H C, Ren P C, Xiong G J, Li B D, Dong W C, Wang L Y 2013 Climat. Environ. Res. 18 617 (in Chinese) [庄少伟, 左洪超, 任鹏程, 熊光洁, 李邦东, 董文成, 王利盈 2013 气候与环境研究 18 617]
[10]	Palmer W C 1965 Meteorological Drought (Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau) p58
[11]	Li X Z, Liu X D, Ma Z G 2005 Chin. J. Arid Zone Res. 21 97 (in Chinese) [李新周, 刘晓东, 马柱国 2005 干旱区研究 21 97]
[12]	An S Q, Xing J X 1986 J. Acad. Meteorol. Sci., S. M. A., China 1 75 (in Chinese) [安顺清, 邢久星 1986 气象科学研究院院刊 1 75]
[13]	Liu W W, An S Q, Liu G S, Guo A H 2004 Quart. J. Appl. Meteorol. 15 207 (in Chinese) [刘巍巍, 安顺清, 刘庚山, 郭安红 2004 应用气象学报 15 207]
[14]	Entin J K 1999 Meteorol. Soc. Japan 77 183
[15]	Entin J K 2000 Geophys. Res. 105 11865
[16]	Srinivasan G 2000 Geophys. Res. 105 26635
[17]	China Meterological Administration 2006 GB/T20481-2006 (Beijing: China Standard Press) (in Chinese) [中国气象局 2006 GB/T20481-2006 (北京: 中国标准出版社)]
[18]	Zhu H B, He L J 2009 J. Capital Coll. Phys. Educ. 21 466 (in Chinese) [朱红兵, 何丽娟 2009 首都体育学院学报 21 466]
[19]	Weng B S, Yan D H 2010 Resour. Sci. 32 309 (in Chinese) [翁白莎, 严登华 2010 资源科学 32 309]
[20]	Ye M, Qian Z H, Wu Y P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139203 (in Chinese) [叶敏, 钱忠华, 吴永萍 2013 62 139203]
[21]	Wang J S, Guo J Y, Zhou Y W, Yang L F 2007 Arid Land Geog. 30 60 (in Chinese) [王劲松, 郭江勇, 周跃武, 杨兰芳 2007 干旱区地理 30 60]
[22]	McKee T B, Doesken N J, Kleist J 1995 Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology (Boston: Boston American Meteorological Society) p233
[23]	Hu C L 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Information Science and Technogy) (in Chinese) [胡春丽 2007 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京信息工程大学)]
[24]	Wen K G, Xie P 2005 Meteorological Disasters Ceremony Chinese (Beijing Vol.) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p33 (in Chinese) [温克刚, 谢璞 2005 中国气象灾害大典(北京卷) (北京: 气象出版社)第33页]

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