热损伤奥克托金(HMX) 缺陷的X射线小角散射研究

闫冠云; 田强; 黄朝强; 顾小敏; 孙光爱; 陈波; 黄明; 聂福德; 柳义; 李秀宏

doi:10.7498/aps.61.136101

摘要

奥克托金(HMX) 在温度作用下, 会发生热膨胀、相转变、热分解等物理、化学变化, 导致在材料内部产生大量缺陷, 进而会对其宏观性能造成明显影响. 为了深入了解热损伤HMX内部的缺陷演化, 本文采用X射线小角散射和原子力显微技术研究了热损伤HMX的内部缺陷. 结果发现HMX在180℃相变过程中散射曲线有明显的变化, 颗粒内部生成了大量10nm左右的孔洞, 随着加载时间延长, 其尺寸增大到25nm, 数量明显降低. 当HMX在190℃、 200℃保温5h时, 由于HMX热分解内部有新缺陷生成, 小角散射发现其尺寸约为5至8nm, 随着加载温度升高, 其数量增加.

关键词:

小角散射 /
HMX /
相转变 /
微孔洞

Abstract

The defects in HMX, induced by thermal expansion, phase transition and chemical decomposition, have large effects on the performance of HMX. In this work, the defects of HMX samples under heat treatment are characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy. A large number of pores with an average size of 10 nm are found during the - phase transition of HMX (180℃), and the pores increase in size and decrease in number with time increasing. A new population of small pores with sizes of 58 nm are produced in HMX during the thermal decompositions (190℃ and 200℃). The size and the number of the small pores increase with temperature increasing.

Keywords:

SAXS /
HMX /
thermal insult /
pores

作者及机构信息

1.
中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所, 绵阳 621900;

2.
中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所, 绵阳 621900;

3.
中国科学院上海应用物理研究所上海光源国家科学中心, 上海 201800

基金项目: 中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金重点课题(批准号: 2010A0103002) 和国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号: 11072225) 资助课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;

2.
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;

3.
Institute of Shanghai Apply Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

Funds: Project supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No. 2010A0103002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11072225).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Henson B F, Smilowitz L, Asay B W, Dickson P M 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 117 3780
[2]
[3]	Levitas V I, Henson B F, Smilowitz L 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 235702
[4]
[5]	Berghout H L, Son S F, Skidmore C B 2002 Thermo-Chimica Acta. 384 261
[6]	Hsu P, Souers P C, Chidester S 2007 Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 32 509
[7]
[8]	Heijden A E D M, Bouma R H B 2004 Cryst. Growth. Des. 4 999
[9]
[10]	Xu R, Kang B, Huang H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Xia Y, Nie F. 2010 Chin J. Energ. Mater. 5 518 (in Chinese) [徐瑞娟, 康彬, 黄辉, 陈娅, 姜燕, 夏云霞, 聂福德 2010 含能材料 5 518]
[11]
[12]	Borne L, Beaucamp A 2005 Meas. Sci. Technol. 16 925
[13]
[14]	Chen B, Dong H S, Dong B Z 2003 Chin J. At. Mol. Phys. 20 191 (in Chinese) [陈波, 董海山, 董宝中 2003 原子分子 20 191]
[15]
[16]	Xia Q Z, Chen B, Zeng G Y 2005 Acta. Phys. Sin. 54 7 (in Chinese) [夏庆中, 陈波, 曾贵玉 2005 54 7]
[17]
[18]	Mang J T, Hjelm R P, Elizabeth, Francois G. 2010 Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 35 7
[19]
[20]	Willey T M, Hoffman D M, Buuren T V, Lauderbach L 2009 Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 34 406
[21]
[22]	Stoltz C A, Mason B P, Hoope J 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 103527
[23]
[24]
[25]	Peterson P D, Mang J T, Asay B W 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 093507
[26]
[27]	Huang C Q, Xia Q Z, Yan G Y, Sun G A, Chen B 2010 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 21 325
[28]
[29]	Rong L X 2003 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [荣利霞 2003 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院高能物理研究所)]
[30]
[31]	Glatter O, Kratky O 1982 Small Angle X-ray Scattering (New York: Academic Press) p13
[32]	Mang J T, Skidmore C B, Hjelm R P 2000 J. Mater. Res. 15 1199
[33]
[34]	Saw C K 2002 Proceedings of 12th International Detonation Symposium, San Diego, August 11-16, 2002 UCRL-JC-145228
[35]
[36]	Xue C, Sun J, Kang B 2010 Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 35 333
[37]
[38]	Weese R K, Burnham A K 2005 Propell. Explos. Pyrote. 30 344
[39]
[40]
[41]	Sullenger D, Cantrell J, Beiter T 1994 Powder Diffraction 9 2
[42]
[43]	Glascoe E A, Hsu P C, Springer H K, DeHaven M R, Tan N, Turner H C 2010 Thermochimica Acta 515 58
[44]
[45]	Weeks B L, Ruddle C M, Zaug J M 2002 Ultramicroscopy 93 19
[46]	Behrens R, Bulusu S 1995 Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society, Boston, 27 Nov-1 Dec 1995 CONF-951155-14
[47]
[48]
[49]	Sharia O, Kuklja M M 2010 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 12656
[50]	Mang J T, Skidmore C B, Son S F, Rieker T P 2002 Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, New York, 2001 833
[51]
[52]
[53]	Skidmore C B, Phillips D S, Howe P M 2000 Proceedings 7th International Detonation Symposium, Snowmass Village, 1998 556

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