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The thermal wave phenomenon induced by the ultrafast laser heating in metal films has been studied by different experimental methods in the past. In our experiment, a femtosecond laser pump-probe system is used to study the ultrafast energy transport between the electrons and phonons. The experiments showed a weak wave peak in the electron temperature curve following the main peak caused by the laser pulse. The reproducibility of the results has been tested for different laser intensities and different film samples. This weak peak in electron temperature could be explained by the reflection of the thermal wave from the rear surface. The experimental results agree with the theoretical curves calculated by the hyperbolic two-step model. The speed of the thermal wave is about 5×105 m/s and the electron relaxation time is about 60 fs.
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Keywords:
- femtosecond laser thermoreflectance system /
- thermal wave /
- hyperbolic two-step model /
- electron relaxation time
[1] ［1］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 J. Heat Transf. 115 835
[2] ［2］Taketoshi N, Baba T, Ono A 2001 Meas. Sci. Technol. 12 2064
[3] ［3］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 37 2789
[4] ［4］Tang D W, Araki N 1996 J. Phys. D 29 2527
[5] ［5］Tzou D Y 1995 J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME 117 8
[6] ［6］Zhang P, Wang R Z, Murakami M 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1350 (in Chinese) ［张鹏、 王如竹、 Murakami M 2002 51 1350］
[7] ［7］Brorson S D, Fujimoto J G, Ippen E P 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 1962
[8] ［8］Sigel R, Tsakiris G D, Lavarenne F, Massen J, Fedosejevs R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Murakami M, Eidmann K, Witkowski S, 2 Nishimura H, Kato Y, Takabe H, Endo T, Kondo K, Shiraga H, Sakabe S, Jitsuno T, Takagi M, Yamanaka C, Nakai S 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 587
[9] ［9］Guo Z Y, Cao B Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4273 (in Chinese) ［过增元、 曹炳阳 2008 57 4273］
[10] ］Brorson S D, Kazeroonian A, Moodera J S, Face D W, Cheng T K, Ippen E P, Dresselhaus M S, Dresselhaus G 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 2172
[11] ］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 37 2799
[12] ］Hopkins P E, Kassebaum J L, Norris P M 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 023710
[13] ］McLeskey J T, Norris P M 2001 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 69 165
[14] ］Norris P M, Caffrey A P, Stevens R J, Klopf J M, McLeskey J T, Smith A N 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 400
[15] ］Anisimov S I, Kapeliovich B L, Perelman T L 1974 Sov. Phys. JETP 39 375
[16] ］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1992 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 35 719
[17] ］Chen J K, Tzou D Y, Beraun J E 2006 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 49 307
[18] ］Rosei R, Lynch D W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 5 3883
[19] ］Smith A N, Norris P M 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1240
[20] ］Dai W Z, Niu T C 2008 Nonlin. Anal.: Hybrid Syst. 2 121
[21] ］Maurer M J 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 5123
[22] ］Maurer M J, Thompson H A 1973 J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME 95 284
[23] ］Zhang H Y, Wu S G 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5314 (in Chinese) ［张红鹰、 吴师岗 2007 56 5314］
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[1] ［1］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 J. Heat Transf. 115 835
[2] ［2］Taketoshi N, Baba T, Ono A 2001 Meas. Sci. Technol. 12 2064
[3] ［3］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 37 2789
[4] ［4］Tang D W, Araki N 1996 J. Phys. D 29 2527
[5] ［5］Tzou D Y 1995 J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME 117 8
[6] ［6］Zhang P, Wang R Z, Murakami M 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1350 (in Chinese) ［张鹏、 王如竹、 Murakami M 2002 51 1350］
[7] ［7］Brorson S D, Fujimoto J G, Ippen E P 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 1962
[8] ［8］Sigel R, Tsakiris G D, Lavarenne F, Massen J, Fedosejevs R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Murakami M, Eidmann K, Witkowski S, 2 Nishimura H, Kato Y, Takabe H, Endo T, Kondo K, Shiraga H, Sakabe S, Jitsuno T, Takagi M, Yamanaka C, Nakai S 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 587
[9] ［9］Guo Z Y, Cao B Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4273 (in Chinese) ［过增元、 曹炳阳 2008 57 4273］
[10] ］Brorson S D, Kazeroonian A, Moodera J S, Face D W, Cheng T K, Ippen E P, Dresselhaus M S, Dresselhaus G 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 2172
[11] ］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1993 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 37 2799
[12] ］Hopkins P E, Kassebaum J L, Norris P M 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 023710
[13] ］McLeskey J T, Norris P M 2001 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 69 165
[14] ］Norris P M, Caffrey A P, Stevens R J, Klopf J M, McLeskey J T, Smith A N 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 400
[15] ］Anisimov S I, Kapeliovich B L, Perelman T L 1974 Sov. Phys. JETP 39 375
[16] ］Qiu T Q, Tien C L 1992 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 35 719
[17] ］Chen J K, Tzou D Y, Beraun J E 2006 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 49 307
[18] ］Rosei R, Lynch D W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 5 3883
[19] ］Smith A N, Norris P M 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 1240
[20] ］Dai W Z, Niu T C 2008 Nonlin. Anal.: Hybrid Syst. 2 121
[21] ］Maurer M J 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 5123
[22] ］Maurer M J, Thompson H A 1973 J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME 95 284
[23] ］Zhang H Y, Wu S G 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5314 (in Chinese) ［张红鹰、 吴师岗 2007 56 5314］
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