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This article reviews the discovery of the Higgs boson, discusses the studies of its properties, and introduces the physical prospects of the future Higgs factories.
The greatest goal of particle physics is to understand the fundamental particles of the universe and how they interact (or more generally, how the universe works). In the Standard Model of particle phyiscs, the Higgs mechanism generates elementary particle masses and predicts the existence of the Higgs boson. Higgs physics is one of the most important research areas in particle physics.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) accelerates beams of protons to collide them at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, defining the world’s energy frontier. The ATLAS and CMS detectors are two general-purpose detectors at the LHC, studying the debris from the collisions.
The Higgs boson was discovered by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2012. This discovery completed the fundamental particle spectrum of the Standard Model and was a major milestone for particle physics. Since then, many studies of the Higgs boson properties (including spin, mass and couplings) have been performed to refine our understanding of the Higgs mechanism. In particular, the Higgs boson’s couplings to fermions and to itself are new kinds of fundamental interactions with paramount significance, and have not been fully established. Additionally, the Higgs boson has become an important tool to search for Dark Matter, heavy resonance, and other new physics phenomena. So far, there has been no deviation from the the Standard Model predictions.
Looking towards the future, electron-positron colliders have been proposed to study the Higgs boson more deeply. Physics studies have shown that these Higgs factories can largely improve precision on many properties of the Higgs boson (including width and couplings) and provide great physics prospects.-
Keywords:
- Standard Model /
- Electroweak Symmetry Breaking /
- Higgs Boson
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