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为准确快速地检测胃部肿瘤，提出将信号发射源放置于胶囊内窥镜中，运用时域有限差分法建立胃部的全电磁场模拟模型.首先通过该电磁场模型产生精确的人体胃部雷达数据，然后将雷达仿真数据代入BP（后向投影）算法中进行电磁逆散射计算成像.成像算法必须考虑人体中各个组织器官对电磁波传播的影响：电磁波在穿越人体时会有反射、折射和漫射现象，传播速率减慢，所携带的能量也有所减弱，这些因素最终会导致像的偏移，乃至产生虚像.通过迭代法算出准确的电磁波传播路径，对成像算法中的时间元素进行修正，可以有效地抑制像的偏移.结果证明：基于胶囊内窥镜的超宽带雷达能准确地呈现二维胃部模型中的肿瘤的位置和尺寸.In order to solve the problems of rapidly recognizing the shapes of the tumour in the stomach, a new kind of capsule endoscopy with through-body radar is utilized for the first time. Finite difference time domain method is used to establish an electromagnetic simulation model of stomach. After being swallowed by a patient, the capsule which consists of the radar moves through esophagus and stomach. Finally it drains out of the body by the self peristalsis of the human GI tract. During this time, the radar is used to transmit accurate radar data of human stomach. Then we will carry out electromagnetic inverse scattering imaging by back projection algorithm with the radar data. The algorithm must consider the influence of various tissues in the human body: the attenuation of the signal strength of electromagnetic waves, the decrease in speed and the refraction due to the different permittivities between the different organs of the body. These factors will eventually lead to image offset, and even generating a virtual image. It is effective to refrain the displacement of image with modifying the time element of the imaging algorithm by iteration. It is shown that ultra-wideband radar built-in capsule endoscopy can track and locate targets in the human's stomach.
[1] Liu G D 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (in Chinese) [刘广东2011博士学位论(南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[2] Winters D W, Shea J D, Kosmas P, Veen B D, Hagness S C 2009 IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 28 969
[3] Yan G Z 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University) (in Chinese) [颜国正2010博士学位论文(上海: 上海交通大学)]
[4] Li C Y, Zhang B L, Chen C X 2008 J. Zhejiang Univ. 9 857
[5] Ge D B, Yan Y B 2005 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Electromagneitc Waves (2nd Ed.) (Xi'an: Xidian University Press) (in Chinese) [葛德彪, 闫玉波2005电磁波时域有限差分方法(第二版) (西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社)]
[6] Hagness S C, Taflove A, Bridges J E 1998 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engineer. 45 1470
[7] Fang Q Q, Meaney P M, Paulsen K D 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 449
[8] Chew W C, Wang Y M 1990 IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 9 218
[9] Cui T J, Chew W C, Aydiner A A, Chen S Y 2001 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 39 339
[10] Soldovieri F, Solimene R 2007 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 4 513
[11] Wang F F, Zhang Y R 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 084101 (in Chinese) [王芳芳, 张业荣2012 61 084101]
[12] Wei B, Li X Y, Wang F, Ge D B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6174 (in Chinese) [魏兵, 李小勇, 王飞, 葛德彪2009 58 6174]
[13] Wang F F, Zhang Y R 2010 Chin. J. Radio 25 569(in Chinese) [王芳芳, 张业荣2010电波科学学报25 569]
[14] Wang F F 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (in Chinese) [王芳芳2012博士学位论(南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[15] Liu G D, Zhang Y R 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6969 (in Chinese) [刘广东, 张业荣2010 59 6969]
[16] Zhang H M, Zhang Y R, Wang F F 2015 Chin. J. Radio 30 153(in Chinese) [张华美, 张业荣, 王芳芳2015电波科学学报 30 153]
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[1] Liu G D 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (in Chinese) [刘广东2011博士学位论(南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[2] Winters D W, Shea J D, Kosmas P, Veen B D, Hagness S C 2009 IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 28 969
[3] Yan G Z 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University) (in Chinese) [颜国正2010博士学位论文(上海: 上海交通大学)]
[4] Li C Y, Zhang B L, Chen C X 2008 J. Zhejiang Univ. 9 857
[5] Ge D B, Yan Y B 2005 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Electromagneitc Waves (2nd Ed.) (Xi'an: Xidian University Press) (in Chinese) [葛德彪, 闫玉波2005电磁波时域有限差分方法(第二版) (西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社)]
[6] Hagness S C, Taflove A, Bridges J E 1998 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engineer. 45 1470
[7] Fang Q Q, Meaney P M, Paulsen K D 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 449
[8] Chew W C, Wang Y M 1990 IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 9 218
[9] Cui T J, Chew W C, Aydiner A A, Chen S Y 2001 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 39 339
[10] Soldovieri F, Solimene R 2007 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 4 513
[11] Wang F F, Zhang Y R 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 084101 (in Chinese) [王芳芳, 张业荣2012 61 084101]
[12] Wei B, Li X Y, Wang F, Ge D B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6174 (in Chinese) [魏兵, 李小勇, 王飞, 葛德彪2009 58 6174]
[13] Wang F F, Zhang Y R 2010 Chin. J. Radio 25 569(in Chinese) [王芳芳, 张业荣2010电波科学学报25 569]
[14] Wang F F 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (in Chinese) [王芳芳2012博士学位论(南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[15] Liu G D, Zhang Y R 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6969 (in Chinese) [刘广东, 张业荣2010 59 6969]
[16] Zhang H M, Zhang Y R, Wang F F 2015 Chin. J. Radio 30 153(in Chinese) [张华美, 张业荣, 王芳芳2015电波科学学报 30 153]
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