面内形状各向异性能对自旋转矩振荡器零场振荡特性的影响

郭园园; 蒿建龙; 薛海斌; 刘喆颉

doi:10.7498/aps.64.198502

摘要

利用Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski方程, 在理论上研究了由磁矩垂直于膜面的自由层和磁矩平行于膜面的极化层组成的自旋转矩振荡器的振荡特性. 数值结果表明面内的形状各向异性能, 可以使自旋转矩振荡器在无磁场情形下产生自激振荡. 此特性可以用能量平衡方程解释, 即面内形状各向异性能可以导致系统中自旋转矩提供的能量与阻尼过程所消耗的能量之间的平衡. 特别是, 面内的形状各向异性能越大, 自旋转矩振荡器的可操控电流范围越大, 并且产生微波信号的频率越大, 但其阈值电流几乎不变.

关键词:

Abstract

The spin-torque oscillator, which can generate an AC voltage oscillation with the same frequency, have attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in the frequency-tunable transmitters and receivers for wireless communication and the recording heads of high-density hard disk drives. However, from the energy-balance equation's point of view, in the absence of in-plane shape anisotropy of spin torque oscillator, the energy supplied by the spin torque is always larger than the energy dissipation due to the Gilbert damping, thus, a finite magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane is required for a steady-state precession. This feature has limited its potential applications. In this paper, the influence of the intrinsic in-plane shape anisotropy on the magnetization dynamics of spin torque oscillator consisting of an in-plane polarizer and an out-of-plane free layer is studied numerically in terms of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation. It is demonstrated that the additional in-plane shape anisotropy plays a significant role in the energy balance between the energy accumulation due to the spin torque and the energy dissipation due to Gilbert damping, which can stabilize a steady-state precession. Therefore, a stable self-oscillation in the absence of the applied magnetic field can be excited by introducing additional in-plane shape anisotropy. In particular, a relatively large current region with zero-field self-oscillation, in which the corresponding microwave frequency is increased while the threshold current still maintains an almost constant value, can be obtained by introducing a relatively large intrinsic in-plane shape anisotropy. Our results suggest that a tunable spin transfer oscillator without an applied magnetic field can be realized by adjusting the intrinsic in-plane shape anisotropy, and it may be a promising configuration in the future wireless communications.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
太原理工大学新型传感器与智能控制教育部重点实验室, 太原 030024;

2.
太原理工大学物理与光电工程学院, 太原 030024;

3.
新加坡国立大学电气与计算机工程系, 新加坡 117583

通信作者: 薛海斌, xuehaibin@tyut.edu.cn;pandanlzj@hotmail.com ; 刘喆颉, xuehaibin@tyut.edu.cn;pandanlzj@hotmail.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11204203, 61274089)和山西省国际合作项目(批准号: 201481029-2)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;

2.
Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;

3.
Department of electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore

Corresponding author: Xue Hai-Bin, xuehaibin@tyut.edu.cn;pandanlzj@hotmail.com ; Liu Zhe-Jie, xuehaibin@tyut.edu.cn;pandanlzj@hotmail.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204203, 61274089), and the International Technology Collaboration Program of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201481029-2).

参考文献

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[2]	Berger L 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 9353
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[4]	Rippard W H, Pufall M R, Kaka S, Sliva T J, Russek S E, Katine J A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 067203
[5]	Qiu Y C, Zhang Z Z, Jin Q Y, Liu Y W 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 052507
[6]	Jin W, Wan Z M, Liu Y W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 017502(in Chinese) [金伟, 万振茂, 刘要稳 2011 60 017502]
[7]	Jin W, Liu Y W 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037001
[8]	Li Z D, He P B, Liu W M 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 117502
[9]	Houssameddine D, Florez S H, Katine J A 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 022505
[10]	Bonetti S, Muduli P, Mancoff F, J. Akernan 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 102507
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[12]	Huang H B, Ma X Q, Zhao C P, Liu Z H, Chen L Q 2015 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 373 10
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[14]	Choi H S, Kang S Y, Cho S J, Oh I Y, Shin M, Park H, Jang C, Min B C 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5486
[15]	Braganca P M, Gurney B A, Wilson B A, Katine J A, Maat S, Childress J R 2010 Nanotechnology 21 235202
[16]	Kudo K, Nagasawa T, Mizushima K, Suto H, Sato R 2010 Appl. Phys. Express 3 043002
[17]	Liu H F, Syed S A, Han X F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 077501
[18]	Kubota H, Ishibashi S, Nozaki T, Nozaki T, Fukushima A, Yakushiji K, Ando K, Suzuki Y, Yuasa S 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07C723
[19]	Kubota H, Yakushiji K, Fukushima A, Tamaru S, Konoto M, Nozaki T, Ishibashi S, Saruya T, Yakata S, Taniguchi T, Arai H, Imamura H 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 103003
[20]	Zeng Z M, Finocchio G, Zhang B, Amiri P K, Katine J A, Krivorotov I N, Huai Y, Langer J, Azzerboni B, Wang K L, Jiang H 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1426
[21]	Tamaru S, Kubota H, Yakushiji K, Nozaki T, Konoto M, Fukushima A, Imamura H, Taniguchi T, Arai H, Yamji T, Yuasa S 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 063005
[22]	Taniguchi T, Arai H, Tsunegi S, Tamaru S, Kubota H, Imamura H 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 123003
[23]	Fowley C, Sluka V, Bernert K, Lindner J, Fassbender J, Rippard W H, Pufall M R, Russek S E, Deac A M 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 043001
[24]	Slonczewski J C 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 024411
[25]	Slonczewski J C, Sun J Z 2007 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310 169
[26]	Coey J M D 2010 Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p168
[27]	Taniguchi T 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 053004

施引文献

[1]	Slonczewski J C 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1
[2]	Berger L 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 9353
[3]	Kiselev S I, Sankey J C, Krivorotov I N, Emley N C, Schoelkopf R J, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2003 Nature 425 380
[4]	Rippard W H, Pufall M R, Kaka S, Sliva T J, Russek S E, Katine J A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 067203
[5]	Qiu Y C, Zhang Z Z, Jin Q Y, Liu Y W 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 052507
[6]	Jin W, Wan Z M, Liu Y W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 017502(in Chinese) [金伟, 万振茂, 刘要稳 2011 60 017502]
[7]	Jin W, Liu Y W 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 037001
[8]	Li Z D, He P B, Liu W M 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 117502
[9]	Houssameddine D, Florez S H, Katine J A 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 022505
[10]	Bonetti S, Muduli P, Mancoff F, J. Akernan 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 102507
[11]	Zeng Z M, Amiri P K, Krivorotov I N, Zhao H, Finocchio G, Wang J P, Katine J A, Huai Y, Langer J, Galatsis K, Wang K L, Jiang H 2012 ACS Nano. 6 6115
[12]	Huang H B, Ma X Q, Zhao C P, Liu Z H, Chen L Q 2015 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 373 10
[13]	Fang B, Zeng Z M 2014 Chin. Sei. Bull 59 1804 (in Chinese) [方彬, 曾中明 2014 科学通报 59 1804]
[14]	Choi H S, Kang S Y, Cho S J, Oh I Y, Shin M, Park H, Jang C, Min B C 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5486
[15]	Braganca P M, Gurney B A, Wilson B A, Katine J A, Maat S, Childress J R 2010 Nanotechnology 21 235202
[16]	Kudo K, Nagasawa T, Mizushima K, Suto H, Sato R 2010 Appl. Phys. Express 3 043002
[17]	Liu H F, Syed S A, Han X F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 077501
[18]	Kubota H, Ishibashi S, Nozaki T, Nozaki T, Fukushima A, Yakushiji K, Ando K, Suzuki Y, Yuasa S 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07C723
[19]	Kubota H, Yakushiji K, Fukushima A, Tamaru S, Konoto M, Nozaki T, Ishibashi S, Saruya T, Yakata S, Taniguchi T, Arai H, Imamura H 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 103003
[20]	Zeng Z M, Finocchio G, Zhang B, Amiri P K, Katine J A, Krivorotov I N, Huai Y, Langer J, Azzerboni B, Wang K L, Jiang H 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1426
[21]	Tamaru S, Kubota H, Yakushiji K, Nozaki T, Konoto M, Fukushima A, Imamura H, Taniguchi T, Arai H, Yamji T, Yuasa S 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 063005
[22]	Taniguchi T, Arai H, Tsunegi S, Tamaru S, Kubota H, Imamura H 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 123003
[23]	Fowley C, Sluka V, Bernert K, Lindner J, Fassbender J, Rippard W H, Pufall M R, Russek S E, Deac A M 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 043001
[24]	Slonczewski J C 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 024411
[25]	Slonczewski J C, Sun J Z 2007 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310 169
[26]	Coey J M D 2010 Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p168
[27]	Taniguchi T 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 053004

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