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超声速光学头罩在大气层内飞行时, 需要在光学窗口表面顺来流方向进行喷流冷却, 致使窗口上方流场更为复杂. 目标光线穿过窗口上方流场, 受到激波、膨胀波、混合层、湍流边界层等流场结构引起的变密度场影响而产生波前畸变, 导致成像出现偏移、抖动、模糊等气动光学效应. 本文对马赫数3.8来流条件下有无喷流时超声速光学头罩流场引起的气动光学波前畸变进行了试验研究. 基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射技术, 首先对流场图像进行密度校准获得高时空分辨率密度场, 然后采用光线追迹法计算得到波长532 nm平面光波垂直于光学窗口穿过流场后的光程差(optical path difference, OPD)分布, 并对窗口上方近壁区有无喷流状态的流场结构引起的 OPD分布进行了研究. 发现无喷流时, 流场结构相对较为简单, 窗口上方有较长的回流区和层流区, 而有喷流时窗口上方出现复杂的剪切层、混合层及湍流边界层, 流动很快就转捩为湍流结构, 其引起的气动光学畸变要明显高于无喷流状态. 无喷流状态相隔5 μs的流场引起的光程差均方根值分别为0.0348 和0.0356 μm, 有喷流状态的光程差均方根值分别为0.0462 和0.0485 μm.During the flight in the atmosphere, the optical window of an optical dome needs to be cooled, and supersonic film cooling is one of the economic ways. After traversing through the complex flow field above the window, the optical wave would be distorted by fluctuations in the density field due to the expansion wave, shockwave, mixing layer, turbulent boundary layer, etc. The aero-optical aberrations induced by the flow field of an optical dome in the presence and in the absence of the gas injection at Mach 3.8 are investigated experimentally. Based on the nano-tracer planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique, the density field with high spatial-temporal resolution is first obtained by the flow image calibration, and then the optical path difference (OPD)fluctuations of the original 532 nm planar wavefront perpendicular to the window are calculated using Ray-tracing theory. Also the OPD fluctuations caused by the near-wall region flow structures are presented. In the absence of the gas injection, the flow structure is relatively simple with a long recirculation and laminar region, while in the presence of the gas injection, there appear more complex structures such as shear layer, mixing layer and turbulent boundary layer and the flow is converted into turbulence quickly. Clearly, the optical aberration in the presence of the gas injection is degraded more. For example, the values of root-mean-square OPD (OPDrms) in the absence of the gas injection are 0.038 μm and 0.0356 μm, and they are 0.0462 μm, and 0.0485 μm in the presence of the gas injection during the interval 5 μs.
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Keywords:
- supersonic /
- injection /
- aero-optics /
- optical path difference
[1] Sun J, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 124401 (in Chinese) [孙建, 刘伟强 2012 61 124401]
[2] Jumper E J, Fitzgerald E J 2001 Prog. Aerospace Sci. 37 299
[3] Liu Y Y, L Q B, Zhang W X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 124201 (in Chinese) [刘扬阳, 吕群波, 张文喜 2012 61 124201]
[4] Ji X L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 692 (in Chinese) [季小玲 2010 59 692]
[5] He X M, L B D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 054201 (in Chinese) [何雪梅, 吕百达 2012 61 054201]
[6] Chen X W, Ji X L 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2435 (in Chinese) [陈晓文, 季小玲 2009 58 2435]
[7] Wei H Y, Wu Z S, Peng H 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6666 (in Chinese) [韦宏艳, 吴振森, 彭辉 2008 57 6666]
[8] Li G C 2006 Aero-Optics (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) (in Chinese) [李桂春 2006 气动光学 (北京:国防工业出版社)]
[9] Klein M V 1970 Optics (New York:John Wiley and Sons)
[10] Jumper E J 1997 AIAA Paper 1997-2350
[11] Sutton G W 1985 AIAA J. 23 1525
[12] Yi S H, Tian L F, Zhao Y X, He L, Chen Z 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 55 3545
[13] Tian L F, Zhao Y X, He L, Chen Z 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 2320
[14] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, He L, Cheng Z Y 2010 Sci. China G 53 81
[15] Gao Q, Jiang Z F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 3786
[16] Gao Q, Yi S H, Jiang Z F, Zhao Y X, Xie W K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 064701
[17] Sutton G W, Pond J E, Snow R, Hwang Y 1993 AIAA Paper 93-2675
[18] Tian L F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, He L, Cheng Z Y 2009 J. Experim. Fluids Mech. 23 15 (in Chinese) [田立丰, 易仕和, 赵玉新, 何霖, 程忠宇 2009 实验流体力学 23 15]
[19] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China E 52 3640
[20] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, He L, Cheng Z Y, Tian L F 2007 Chin. Sci. Bull. 52 1297
[21] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, He L, Cheng Z Y, Tian L F 2007 J. National Univ. Technol. 29 12 (in Chinese) [赵玉新, 易仕和, 何霖, 程忠宇, 田立丰 2007 国防科技大学学报 29 12]
[22] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, He L, Cheng Z Y 2008 Sci. China G 51 1134
[23] Yi S H, He L, Zhao Y X, Tian L F, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China G 52 2001
[24] He L, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, Tian L F, Chen Z 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 489
[25] Hornak J P 2002 Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology (New York:John Wiley and Sons) pp390-420
[26] Tian L F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, He L, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China G 52 1357
[27] Yin X L 2003 Aero-optical Mechanism (Beijing:China Astronautics Press) p186 (in Chinese) [殷兴良 2003 气动光学原理 (北京:中国宇航出版社) p186]
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[1] Sun J, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 124401 (in Chinese) [孙建, 刘伟强 2012 61 124401]
[2] Jumper E J, Fitzgerald E J 2001 Prog. Aerospace Sci. 37 299
[3] Liu Y Y, L Q B, Zhang W X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 124201 (in Chinese) [刘扬阳, 吕群波, 张文喜 2012 61 124201]
[4] Ji X L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 692 (in Chinese) [季小玲 2010 59 692]
[5] He X M, L B D 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 054201 (in Chinese) [何雪梅, 吕百达 2012 61 054201]
[6] Chen X W, Ji X L 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2435 (in Chinese) [陈晓文, 季小玲 2009 58 2435]
[7] Wei H Y, Wu Z S, Peng H 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6666 (in Chinese) [韦宏艳, 吴振森, 彭辉 2008 57 6666]
[8] Li G C 2006 Aero-Optics (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) (in Chinese) [李桂春 2006 气动光学 (北京:国防工业出版社)]
[9] Klein M V 1970 Optics (New York:John Wiley and Sons)
[10] Jumper E J 1997 AIAA Paper 1997-2350
[11] Sutton G W 1985 AIAA J. 23 1525
[12] Yi S H, Tian L F, Zhao Y X, He L, Chen Z 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 55 3545
[13] Tian L F, Zhao Y X, He L, Chen Z 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 2320
[14] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, He L, Cheng Z Y 2010 Sci. China G 53 81
[15] Gao Q, Jiang Z F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 3786
[16] Gao Q, Yi S H, Jiang Z F, Zhao Y X, Xie W K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 064701
[17] Sutton G W, Pond J E, Snow R, Hwang Y 1993 AIAA Paper 93-2675
[18] Tian L F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, He L, Cheng Z Y 2009 J. Experim. Fluids Mech. 23 15 (in Chinese) [田立丰, 易仕和, 赵玉新, 何霖, 程忠宇 2009 实验流体力学 23 15]
[19] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China E 52 3640
[20] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, He L, Cheng Z Y, Tian L F 2007 Chin. Sci. Bull. 52 1297
[21] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, He L, Cheng Z Y, Tian L F 2007 J. National Univ. Technol. 29 12 (in Chinese) [赵玉新, 易仕和, 何霖, 程忠宇, 田立丰 2007 国防科技大学学报 29 12]
[22] Zhao Y X, Yi S H, Tian L F, He L, Cheng Z Y 2008 Sci. China G 51 1134
[23] Yi S H, He L, Zhao Y X, Tian L F, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China G 52 2001
[24] He L, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, Tian L F, Chen Z 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 489
[25] Hornak J P 2002 Encyclopedia of Imaging Science and Technology (New York:John Wiley and Sons) pp390-420
[26] Tian L F, Yi S H, Zhao Y X, He L, Cheng Z Y 2009 Sci. China G 52 1357
[27] Yin X L 2003 Aero-optical Mechanism (Beijing:China Astronautics Press) p186 (in Chinese) [殷兴良 2003 气动光学原理 (北京:中国宇航出版社) p186]
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