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地铁站内多方向行人流以不同方式通过瓶颈时具有不同的效率,发生拥堵的机制也有所不同. 本文将地铁站内行人流的交织运动简化为连通双通道内两股行人通过瓶颈的情形. 采用推广的格子气模型,通过引入背景场,使改进的模型可以刻画地铁站内行人流的运动特征, 通过数值模拟研究了两股行人以两种不同方式经过研究区域的清空时间以及瓶颈宽度的影响. 研究发现,在模型中考虑行人沿对角线的运动可以更加准确地描述真实行人运动. 当瓶颈宽度小于临界宽度时,逆向交织的行人经过研究区域具有更高的效率, 验证了行人流实验的结果.此外还详细讨论了在瓶颈处发生拥堵的机理.There are differences in efficiency when pedestrian flows with various directions pass through the bottleneck of a subway in different manners, and the mechanisms of congestion at the bottleneck are distinct as well. The weaving motion of pedestrian flows with various directions in subways is simplified into two crowds with different ODs passing through the bottleneck which connects two parallel channels. The lattice gas model is improved by introducing the floor field so that it is suitable for the description of pedestrian flow under complex situations. It is shown by experiments that different ways lead to the difference in total time when the crowds pass through the field of interest. Then the total time of crowds passing through the field in different ways is investigated numerically, and the effect of bottleneck width is taken into account as well. Numerical simulations confirm the findings from experiments. It is found that the diagonal movement of a pedestrian should be included in the model in order to give a better description of real pedestrian traffic. And the mechanism of congestion near the bottleneck is discussed in detail.
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Keywords:
- lattice gas model /
- cellular automaton /
- floor field /
- bottleneck
[1] Helbing D 2001 Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 1067
[2] Muramatsu M, Irie T, Nagatani T 1999 Physica A 267 487
[3] Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, Zittartz J 2001 Physica A 295 507
[4] Takimoto K, Tajima Y, Nagatani T 2002 Physica A 308 460
[5] Yu Y F, Song W G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 046112
[6] Fukamachi M, Nagatani T 2007 Physica A 377 269
[7] Li J, Yang L H, Zhao D L 2005 Physica A 354 619
[8] Yang L Z, Li J, Liu S B 2008 Physica A 387 3281
[9] Kuang H, Li X L, Song T, Dai S Q 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066117
[10] Kuang H, Li X L, Wei Y F, Song T, Dai S Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 070517
[11] Yang L X, Zhao X M, Gao Z Y, Zheng J F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100501 (in Chinese) [杨凌霄, 赵小梅, 高自友, 郑建风 2011 60 100501]
[12] Song W G, Xu X, Wang B H, Ni S J 2006 Physica A 363 492
[13] Ma J, Song W G, Liao G X 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 128901
[14] Weng W G, Chen T, Yuan H Y, Fan W C 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 036102
[15] Zhou J W, Chen X L, Zhou J H, Tan H L, Kong L J, Liu M R 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2281 (in Chinese) [周金旺, 陈秀丽, 周建槐, 谭惠利, 孔令江, 刘慕仁 2009 58 2281]
[16] Helbing D, Molnar P 1995 Phys. Rev. E 51 4282
[17] Song W G, Yu Y F, Fan W C, Zhang H P 2005 Sci. China Ser. E 35 725 (in Chinese) [宋卫国, 于彦飞, 范维澄, 张和平 2005 中国科学E辑 35 725]
[18] Hao Q Y, Hu M B, Cheng X Q, Song W G, Jiang R, Wu Q S 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 026113
[19] Huang H J, Guo R Y 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 021131
[20] Kirchner A, Schadschneider A 2002 Physica A 312 260
[21] Helbing D, Buzna L, Johansson A, Werner T 2005 Transport. Sci. 39 1
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[1] Helbing D 2001 Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 1067
[2] Muramatsu M, Irie T, Nagatani T 1999 Physica A 267 487
[3] Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A, Zittartz J 2001 Physica A 295 507
[4] Takimoto K, Tajima Y, Nagatani T 2002 Physica A 308 460
[5] Yu Y F, Song W G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 046112
[6] Fukamachi M, Nagatani T 2007 Physica A 377 269
[7] Li J, Yang L H, Zhao D L 2005 Physica A 354 619
[8] Yang L Z, Li J, Liu S B 2008 Physica A 387 3281
[9] Kuang H, Li X L, Song T, Dai S Q 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066117
[10] Kuang H, Li X L, Wei Y F, Song T, Dai S Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 070517
[11] Yang L X, Zhao X M, Gao Z Y, Zheng J F 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100501 (in Chinese) [杨凌霄, 赵小梅, 高自友, 郑建风 2011 60 100501]
[12] Song W G, Xu X, Wang B H, Ni S J 2006 Physica A 363 492
[13] Ma J, Song W G, Liao G X 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 128901
[14] Weng W G, Chen T, Yuan H Y, Fan W C 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 036102
[15] Zhou J W, Chen X L, Zhou J H, Tan H L, Kong L J, Liu M R 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2281 (in Chinese) [周金旺, 陈秀丽, 周建槐, 谭惠利, 孔令江, 刘慕仁 2009 58 2281]
[16] Helbing D, Molnar P 1995 Phys. Rev. E 51 4282
[17] Song W G, Yu Y F, Fan W C, Zhang H P 2005 Sci. China Ser. E 35 725 (in Chinese) [宋卫国, 于彦飞, 范维澄, 张和平 2005 中国科学E辑 35 725]
[18] Hao Q Y, Hu M B, Cheng X Q, Song W G, Jiang R, Wu Q S 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 026113
[19] Huang H J, Guo R Y 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 021131
[20] Kirchner A, Schadschneider A 2002 Physica A 312 260
[21] Helbing D, Buzna L, Johansson A, Werner T 2005 Transport. Sci. 39 1
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