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利用中国气象局1961—2008年752个站点的候平均气温、气压、相对湿度和降水量资料,运用候平均气温划分方法、非线性相似度量方法和季节内离差最优分割方法,对中国的四季进行了划分,并研究了中国四季起始时间的空间分布.用多要素构造了描述气候状态的变量,以气候状态在不同季节间的转折变化为切入点,并与传统季节划分方法进行了对比研究,验证了非线性相似度量方法的可行性,得到了以下研究结果:一是多要素比单一的温度要素更全面贴切地描述气候状态的变化,划分结果更体现出大气环流形势和大气活动中心等的季节变化;二是从气候状态转折角度考虑季节划分是可行的,揭示了季节转换时大气系统的调整和转折变化,体现了大气系统在季节内保持相对平稳的特征,在季节间发生较大的调整的观测事实.
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关键词:
- 季节划分 /
- 非线性相似度量方法 /
- 季节内离差最优分割法
Using the daily observational data of temperature, pressure, relative humidity and precipitation in 752 stations of China from 1961 to 2008, three methods of division of season, i.e. Zhang’s method, non-linear similarity method and Fisher optimal dissection method are applied to different meteorological elements fields of China. Results indicate that division of season through multi-variables methods is more reasonable than single variable ones, especially in non-linear similarity method and Fisher optimal dissection method. When considering the seasonal climate transition between successive seasons, the results are in good accordance with actual observations. As a result we recommend the non-linear similarity method as a better way of season division.[1] Zhang B K 1934 Acta Geog. Sin. 1 1 (in Chinese) [张宝堃 1934 地理学报1 1]
[2] Zhang J C, Lin Z G 1985 Climate of China (Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers) p55 (in Chinese) [张家诚、林之光 1985 中国气候(上海:上海科学技术出版社) 第55页]
[3] Miu Q L,Wang Y 2007 Annual Conference of China Meteorological Society Guangzhou, November 23—25 ,2007 p693 (in Chinese) [缪启龙、王 勇 2007中国气象学会2007年年会 第693页]
[4] Liu K N, Wu H X 1956 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 27 219 (in Chinese) [刘匡南、邬鸿勋 1956气象学报 27 219]
[5] Zeng Q C, Zhang B L 1992 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 16 641 (in Chinese) [曾庆存、张邦林 1992 大气科学 16 641]
[6] Zhang B L, Zeng Q C 1998 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 22 129 (in Chinese) [张邦林、曾庆存 1998 大气科学 22 129]
[7] Xue F, Lin Y H, Zeng Q C 2002 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 26 307 (in Chinese) [薛 峰、林一骅、曾庆存 2002 大气科学 26 307]
[8] Dong W J, Jiang Y D, Yang S 2010 Clim. Change 99 81
[9] Feng G L, Dong W J, Gong Z Q, Hou W, Wan S Q, Zhi R 2006 Nonlinear Theories and Methods on Spatial-Temporal Distribution of the Observational Data (Beijing: Metrological Press) p7 (in Chinese) [封国林、董文杰、龚志强、侯 威、万仕全、支 蓉 2006 观测数据非线性时空分布理论和方法(北京:气象出版社) 第7页]
[10] Pettitt A N 1979 Appl. Statist. 28 126
[11] Pettitt A N 1980 Biometrika 67 79
[12] Pettitt A N 1980 J. Statist. Comput. Simul.11 261
[13] Wei F Y 1999 Modern Technology of Statistical Climate Detection and Prediction (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p72 (in Chinese) [魏凤英 1999 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术(北京:气象出版社)第72页]
[14] Feng G L, Gong Z Q, Dong W J, Li J P 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5494 (in Chinese) [封国林、龚志强、董文杰、李建平 2005 54 5494] 〖15] Feng G L, Gong Z Q, Zhi R 2008 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 66 892 (in Chinese) [封国林、龚志强、支 蓉 2008 气象学报 66 892]
[15] Hou W, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2663 (in Chinese) [侯 威、封国林、董文杰、李建平 2006 55 2663]
[16] Gong Z Q, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3181 (in Chinese) [龚志强、封国林、董文杰、李建平 2006 55 3181]
[17] Wang Q G, Zhang Z P 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1976 (in Chinese) [王启光、张增平 2008 57 1976]
[18] Feng G L, Dong W J, Jia X J, Cao H X 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1181(in Chinese)[封国林、董文杰、贾晓静、曹鸿兴 2002 51 1181]
[19] Feng G L, Dai X G, Wang A H, Chou J F 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 606 (in Chinese) [封国林、戴新刚、王爱慧、丑纪范 2001 50 606]
[20] He W P, Feng G L,Wu Q, Wan S Q, Chou J F 2008 Nonlin. Processes Geophys. 15 601
[21] Zhi R, Lian Y, Feng G L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1837 (in Chinese) [支 蓉、廉 毅、封国林 2007 56 1837]
[22] Xiong K G, Yang J, Wan S Q, Feng G L, Hu J G 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2843 (in Chinese) [熊开国、杨 杰、万仕全、封国林、胡经国 2009 58 2843]
[23] He W P, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 21
[24] Zhi R,Gong Z Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4629 (in Chinese) [支 蓉、龚志强 2008 57 4629]
[25] Hou W, Feng G L,Gao X Q,Chou J F 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 2441 (in Chinese) [侯威、封国林、高新全、丑纪范 2005 54 2441]
[26] Huang J Y 1990 Meteorological Statistical Analysis and Prediction (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p265 (in Chinese) [黄嘉佑 1990气象统计分析与预报方法(北京:气象出版社)第265页]
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[1] Zhang B K 1934 Acta Geog. Sin. 1 1 (in Chinese) [张宝堃 1934 地理学报1 1]
[2] Zhang J C, Lin Z G 1985 Climate of China (Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers) p55 (in Chinese) [张家诚、林之光 1985 中国气候(上海:上海科学技术出版社) 第55页]
[3] Miu Q L,Wang Y 2007 Annual Conference of China Meteorological Society Guangzhou, November 23—25 ,2007 p693 (in Chinese) [缪启龙、王 勇 2007中国气象学会2007年年会 第693页]
[4] Liu K N, Wu H X 1956 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 27 219 (in Chinese) [刘匡南、邬鸿勋 1956气象学报 27 219]
[5] Zeng Q C, Zhang B L 1992 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 16 641 (in Chinese) [曾庆存、张邦林 1992 大气科学 16 641]
[6] Zhang B L, Zeng Q C 1998 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 22 129 (in Chinese) [张邦林、曾庆存 1998 大气科学 22 129]
[7] Xue F, Lin Y H, Zeng Q C 2002 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 26 307 (in Chinese) [薛 峰、林一骅、曾庆存 2002 大气科学 26 307]
[8] Dong W J, Jiang Y D, Yang S 2010 Clim. Change 99 81
[9] Feng G L, Dong W J, Gong Z Q, Hou W, Wan S Q, Zhi R 2006 Nonlinear Theories and Methods on Spatial-Temporal Distribution of the Observational Data (Beijing: Metrological Press) p7 (in Chinese) [封国林、董文杰、龚志强、侯 威、万仕全、支 蓉 2006 观测数据非线性时空分布理论和方法(北京:气象出版社) 第7页]
[10] Pettitt A N 1979 Appl. Statist. 28 126
[11] Pettitt A N 1980 Biometrika 67 79
[12] Pettitt A N 1980 J. Statist. Comput. Simul.11 261
[13] Wei F Y 1999 Modern Technology of Statistical Climate Detection and Prediction (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p72 (in Chinese) [魏凤英 1999 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术(北京:气象出版社)第72页]
[14] Feng G L, Gong Z Q, Dong W J, Li J P 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5494 (in Chinese) [封国林、龚志强、董文杰、李建平 2005 54 5494] 〖15] Feng G L, Gong Z Q, Zhi R 2008 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 66 892 (in Chinese) [封国林、龚志强、支 蓉 2008 气象学报 66 892]
[15] Hou W, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2663 (in Chinese) [侯 威、封国林、董文杰、李建平 2006 55 2663]
[16] Gong Z Q, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3181 (in Chinese) [龚志强、封国林、董文杰、李建平 2006 55 3181]
[17] Wang Q G, Zhang Z P 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1976 (in Chinese) [王启光、张增平 2008 57 1976]
[18] Feng G L, Dong W J, Jia X J, Cao H X 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1181(in Chinese)[封国林、董文杰、贾晓静、曹鸿兴 2002 51 1181]
[19] Feng G L, Dai X G, Wang A H, Chou J F 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 606 (in Chinese) [封国林、戴新刚、王爱慧、丑纪范 2001 50 606]
[20] He W P, Feng G L,Wu Q, Wan S Q, Chou J F 2008 Nonlin. Processes Geophys. 15 601
[21] Zhi R, Lian Y, Feng G L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1837 (in Chinese) [支 蓉、廉 毅、封国林 2007 56 1837]
[22] Xiong K G, Yang J, Wan S Q, Feng G L, Hu J G 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2843 (in Chinese) [熊开国、杨 杰、万仕全、封国林、胡经国 2009 58 2843]
[23] He W P, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 21
[24] Zhi R,Gong Z Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4629 (in Chinese) [支 蓉、龚志强 2008 57 4629]
[25] Hou W, Feng G L,Gao X Q,Chou J F 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 2441 (in Chinese) [侯威、封国林、高新全、丑纪范 2005 54 2441]
[26] Huang J Y 1990 Meteorological Statistical Analysis and Prediction (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p265 (in Chinese) [黄嘉佑 1990气象统计分析与预报方法(北京:气象出版社)第265页]
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