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中国物理学会期刊

太赫兹斯格明子径向阶数的可编程调控

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20251463

Programmable regulation of radial order of terahertz skyrmions

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20251463
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  • 具有复杂角向和径向空间偏振纹理的斯托克斯矢量斯格明子被视为拓展光通信信息维度与容量的理想载体. 然而, 在太赫兹(THz)频段, 其可控生成与稳定传输仍缺乏高效方案. 本文提出一种多层超表面结构, 借助微电机(MEMS)驱动调节相邻层之间的相对旋转角度, 实现不同径向阶数斯格明子的生成, 例如双层超表面可以产生3种不同径向阶数的斯格明子, 显著突破了传统依赖相变材料的局限性. 同时, 本文提出一种基于扭转可调双层莫尔超表面设计, 通过旋转角度实现对斯格明子径向阶数的连续动态调控. 几何相位与动态相位的协同设计不仅锁定了拓扑不变量, 还确保了光束在自由空间中的远程传播稳定性. 进一步, 本文验证了多层结构可在无需外部环境调控的前提下灵活生成多类斯格明子拓扑光场, 尤其在不同斯格明子数与径向缠绕数之间展现出良好的正交性, 为实现多维度光场调控及远距离THz光通信系统提供了高度集成、高自由度的技术路径.

     

    Optical Stokes vector skyrmions, as novel fully Poincaré spherical vector beams, hold broad application prospects in optical communication, optical computing, multiplexing, and super-resolution imaging. However, existing research primarily focuses on the controllable generation of single optical skyrmions, with limited exploration of continuous modulation of different skyrmion configurations and insufficient investigation into generation in the terahertz frequency band. This paper proposes a multilayer metasurface that generates higher-order topological configurations of Stokes vector skyrmions through rotation. For instance, a two-layer structure enables rotational control of two skyrmion types, while a three-layer design achieves control over four skyrmion types. A twist-tunable double-layer Moiré metasurface design is simultaneously developed, where the two metasurface layers are designed with complementary Moiré phases to achieve continuous modulation of the radial skyrmion order. By synergistically modulating the geometric and dynamic phases of the metasurface, the topological invariance of free-space propagating skyrmions is preserved while maintaining beam intensity. The paper presents detailed theoretical analysis and numerical results, which are validated through full-wave simulation studies. This multilayer metasurface design enables dynamic control of Stokes vector and skyrmion configurations solely by adjusting the relative rotation angles between layers, without the need to change incident light or external conditions. This approach breaks through the limitations of traditional phase modulation methods reliant on phase-change materials. Furthermore, the dual-layer Moiré metasurface design significantly improves device integration, providing a highly integrated and flexible technical approach for realizing multidimensional light field manipulation and long-distance terahertz optical communication systems.

     

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