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拓扑材料因其受对称性保护的狄拉克或外尔能带结构,在量子输运、自旋电子学及非线性光学等领域具有重要应用潜力.超快泵浦–探测光谱技术可在飞秒至纳秒时间尺度内直接探测光激发载流子的非平衡动力学过程,从而揭示电荷、自旋与晶格等自由度之间的耦合机制.本文系统综述了该技术在拓扑绝缘体、拓扑半金属及磁性拓扑材料中的研究进展,重点讨论了表面态–体态相互作用、自旋极化动力学、相干声子与磁振子激发,以及光诱导拓扑相变的电子机制、晶格机制和磁序相关机制.最后,展望了多维谱学联合测量与理论模拟相结合在超快调控拓扑物态领域的应用前景.本综述旨在为拓扑材料非平衡物理研究及其在光电、自旋器件中的应用提供参考.Topological materials, characterized by symmetry-protected nontrivial band structures such as Dirac cones and Weyl nodes, exhibit a rich variety of quantum states and novel physical phenomena. These materials hold great promise for applications in quantum transport, spintronics, and nonlinear optics. In recent years, ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for studying nonequilibrium dynamics in quantum materials. With femtosecond temporal resolution, this technique enables direct observation of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice interactions on their intrinsic timescales, offering new insights into the coupling mechanisms in topological systems. This review summarizes the latest progress in applying ultrafast spectroscopy to topological insulators, topological semimetals, and magnetic topological materials. We first discuss the distinct relaxation pathways of surface and bulk electronic states after photoexcitation, focusing on electron-phonon scattering, surface-bulk charge transfer, and ultrafast spin conversion. We then describe population inversion phenomena in Dirac and Weyl semimetals, spin polarization dynamics induced by tilted Weyl bands, and the influence of magnetic order on topological states, including coherent phonon and magnon excitations, magnetically driven topological transitions, and terahertz pulse generation. Furthermore, we review photoinduced topological phase transitions driven by electronic correlations, lattice distortions, and magnetic order under strong optical fields, highlighting the potential for nonthermal optical control of quantum phases. Finally, we discuss future research directions, emphasizing the integration of multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopic techniques—spanning temporal, energy, momentum, and spin resolution—with advanced theoretical simulations to construct a comprehensive picture of nonequilibrium topological states. This work aims to serve as a reference for studies on the ultrafast dynamics of topological quantum materials and to promote their practical applications in high-speed, low-power information processing, spintronics, and quantum computation.
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Keywords:
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy /
- Topological Materials /
- Coherent Phonons /
- Charge Dynamics /
- Photoinduced Phase Transition
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