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里德堡原子会敏感地响应外部电场作用并发生量子相干效应，这是基于里德堡原子测量精确电场的基本原理。本文首先采用双光子三能级系统生成铯里德堡原子并形成电磁诱导透明（Electromagnetically induced transparency，EIT）效应，以EIT-Stark光谱为宏观表征，通过实验分别探讨了不同强度的直流电场和交流电场对里德堡原子Stark效应的调控作用，揭示了强场测量受限的原因。本文以电力系统工频强电场测量为目标，提出了直流场调控扩大交流电场测量范围的方案，建立了交直流电场共同作用于里德堡原子的动力学模型，推导出解调后的直流和交流电场分量表达式。在激光器扫频范围1 GHz的条件下，施加8 V/cm的直流调控场，采用28D3/2里德堡态可测到交流电场峰值可到32 V/cm，较直接测量方法提升了33.3 %；设置不同强度的直流调控场进行实验，解调后得到的交流场误差在0.8 %以下。本文研究为基于里德堡原子的强场测量提供了一种有效的解决方案。The Stark effect in Rydberg atoms exhibits remarkable sensitivity to external electric fields, forming the fundamental basis for precision electric field measurements. This study systematically investigates the regulatory effects of both DC and AC electric fields on cesium Rydberg atoms through a comprehensive experimental and theoretical approach. Utilizing a two-photon three-level system, we generated 28D5/2 Rydberg states and established electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as the macroscopic observable. Our experimental results demonstrate distinct Stark splitting patterns under DC fields, revealing three fine-structure states with polarization-dependent frequency shifts， negative polarizability states (mj=1/2, 3/2) exhibiting rightward shifts while the positive polarizability state (mj=5/2) shows leftward displacement. For power-frequency AC fields (50 Hz), we observed characteristic double-frequency modulation of the EIT-Stark spectra, with measurement limitations emerging at field strengths above 24 V/cm due to laser scanning range constraints. To overcome this limitation, we developed an innovative DC field regulated measurement scheme, establishing a dynamic model for the combined AC/DC field interaction with Rydberg atoms. The model successfully derived demodulation expressions for extracting both DC and AC field components from the composite spectral shifts. Experimental validation showed that applying an 8 V/cm DC bias field extended the measurable AC field range to 32 V/cm, achieving a 33.3 % improvement over direct measurement methods within a 1 GHz laser scanning range, while maintaining exceptional accuracy with demodulation errors below 0.8 % across all tested configurations. Detailed error analysis revealed measurement precision improved with increasing field strength, exhibiting a standard deviation of σ=0.2196 %, demonstrating the robustness of our approach. Compared with existing techniques, this DC-field regulation method effectively addresses the critical challenge of limited laser scanning range in strong-field measurements, while preserving the quantum advantages of Rydberg atom sensors. The research provides both theoretical foundations and practical solutions for power-frequency strong electric field measurements in power systems, with potential applications extending to other low-frequency strong-field measurement scenarios. Future work will focus on enhancing measurement stability in extreme field conditions, improving accuracy, and further expanding the operational range of this quantum sensing technology.
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