In this work, we investigate the influence of quasi-periodic modulation on the localization properties of one-dimensional non-Hermitian cross-stitch lattices with flat bands. The crystalline Hamiltonian for this non-Hermitian cross-stitch lattice is given by:
\hatH=\displaystyle\sum\limits_n\leftt(a_n^\dagger b_n + b_n^\daggera_n ) + J\mathrme^h\left(a_n^\daggerb_n + 1 + a_n^\dagger a_n + 1 + Ab_n^\daggera_n + 1 + Ab_n^\daggerb_n + 1\right) + J\mathrme^ - h \left(Aa_n + 1^\daggerb_n + a_n + 1^\daggera_n + b_n + 1^\daggera_n + Ab_n + 1^\daggerb_n\right)\right 
with
A =\pm 1
. When
A = 1, the clean lattice supports two bands with dispersion relations
E_0=- t,
E_1=4\cos (k - \mathrmih) + t
. The compact localized states (CLSs) within the flat band
E0 are localized in one unit cell, indicating that the system is characterized by the
U = 1 class. Conversely, for
A = –1, there are two flat bands in the system:
E_\pm=\pm\sqrtt^2 + 4
. The CLSs within the flat bands are localized in two unit cells, indicating that the system is marked by the
U = 2 class. After introducing quasi-periodic modulations
\varepsilon_n^\beta=\lambda_\beta\cos(2\pi\alpha n + \phi_\beta)
(
\beta=\a,b\
), delocalization-localization transitions can be observed by numerically calculating the fractal dimension
D2 and imaginary part of the energy spectrum
\ln|\rmIm(E)|
. Our findings indicate that the symmetry of quasi-periodic modulations plays an important role in determining the localization properties of the system. For the case of
U=1
, the symmetric quasi-periodic modulation leads to two independent spectra
\sigma_f
and
\sigma_p
. The
\sigma_f
retains its compact properties, while the
\sigma_p
owns an extended-localized transition at
\lambda_\mathrmc1=4M
with
M=\max\\mathrme^h,\;\mathrme^ - h\
. However, in the case of antisymmetric modulation, the system exhibits an exact mobility edge
\lambda_\mathrmc2=2\sqrt2|E - t|M
. For the
U = 2 class, all the eigenstates remain localized under any symmetric quasi-periodic modulation. In the case of antisymmetric modulation, all states transition from multifractal to localized states as the modulation strength increases, with a critical point at
\lambda_\mathrmc3=4M
. This work expands the understanding of localization properties in non-Hermitian flat-band systems and provides a new perspective on delocalization-localization transitions.