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中国物理学会期刊

减小边缘复合助力28%效率的四端钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20222209

Four-terminal perovskite/silicon series solar cells with 28% efficiency achieved by suppressing edge recombination

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20222209
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  • 钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池由于能突破单结太阳能电池的效率极限而吸引了广泛的研究兴趣. 然而, 在将商业化的大面积硅电池切割为实验室所需的平方厘米级的小面积电池时, 会造成显著的效率下降, 限制了叠层电池的性能. 为了消除传统的激光切割法造成的热损伤和热传导, 减少切割后的异质结硅电池的非辐射复合, 本工作采用砂轮划片这一冷加工方法, 对异质结硅电池进行切割. 与采用激光切割法得到的器件相比, 冷加工法得到的异质结硅电池的截面损伤小, 非辐射复合得到显著抑制, 器件的开路电压和填充因子均得到提高, 平均光电转换效率提高了1%. 将得到的硅电池与正式半透明钙钛矿太阳能电池进行机械堆叠, 获得了效率超过28%的四端钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池.

     

    Although the commercial application of solar cells pursues scalable and large-area devices, small-area solar cells on a scale of several centimeters possess many advantages such as low fabrication cost and facile high-throughput screening in the research laboratory. Most emerging photovoltaic technology starts from the studying of small-area devices. Recently, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells have aroused extensive research interest because they can break through the radiative efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. However, when commercial large-area silicon cells are cut into small pieces with a few squared centimeters in area for laboratory use, there occurs a significant efficiency loss, limiting the performance of tandem cells. Herein, to eliminate the thermal damage caused by the traditional laser cutting method and also reduce the non-radiative recombination of heterojunction silicon cells after being cut, a cold-manufacturing method of grinding wheel dicing is used to cut heterojunction silicon cells. This method is realized by high-speed mechanical grinding accompanied by liquid washing, which avoids damaging the edge of solar cell caused by heat. Compared with the device cut by laser, the heterojunction silicon cells cut by the cold-manufacturing method exhibit less cross-sectional damage. The measurements by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional optical profilometer reveal that the morphology of the device edge is smoother than the counterpart cut by laser. Device physics measurements including electrochemical impedance spectrum(EIS), dark current-voltage curves, transient photovoltage (TPV), transient photocurrent (TPC), and the dependence of short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage on light intensity reveal that the cold-manufacturing method can significantly prevent the heterojunction silicon cells from non-radiatively recombining after being cut. These results indicate that the edge-recombination of the silicon solar cells cut by grinding wheels is reduced compared with that cut by laser. As a result, statistical analysis of the device performance reveals that both the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the device are improved, and the average photoelectric conversion efficiency increases by an absolute efficiency of ~1%. Stacking the obtained silicon cells with the normal transparent perovskite solar cells, the obtained four-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells deliver an efficiency of over 28%. This work emphasizes the importance of reducing efficiency loss during manufacturing the heterojunction silicon solar cell in fabricating high-performance silicon-based tandem solar cells.

     

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