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提出了双轴错配应变调节的对称双栅负电容场效应晶体管的电学特性的解析模型, 然后基于该模型对比研究了铁电层厚度和双轴错配应变分别对基于PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3和CuInP2S6材料的两种负电容场效应晶体管的电学性能的影响. 结果表明: 对于基于PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3的负电容场效应晶体管, 当增加其铁电层厚度或施加压缩应变时, 其亚阈值摆幅和导通电流得到改善, 但施加拉伸应变具有相反的作用. 对于基于CuInP2S6的负电容场效应晶体管, 在增加铁电层厚度或施加拉伸应变时性能有所改善, 但器件在压缩应变下是滞后的. 比较两者发现, 在低栅极电压下, 基于CuInP2S6的负电容场效应晶体管比基于PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3的负电容场效应晶体管表现出更好的性能.
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关键词:
- 负电容场效应晶体管 /
- CuInP2S6 /
- PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 /
- 错配应变
In order to continue Moore’s law, the reduction of power consumption has received much attention. It is necessary to develop steep devices that can overcome the “Boltzmann tyranny” and solve the problem of high power consumption of integrated circuits. Negative capacitance field-effect transistors are one of the most promising candidates in numerous steep devices. Strain engineering has been widely studied as an effective means of regulating the properties of ferroelectric thin films. However, the influence of strain on the performance of negative capacitance field-effect transistor has not been clear so far. Therefore, in this work, an analytical model of double gate negative capacitance field-effect transistor (DG-NCFET) regulated by biaxial misfit strain is proposed. Using this model, we investigate the influences of ferroelectric layer thickness and biaxial misfit strain on electrical properties of PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT)-based and CuInP2S6 (CIPS)-based negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs), respectively. The results show that for the negative capacitance field-effect transistor based on PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3, when the ferroelectric layer thickness is increased or the compression strain is applied, the subthreshold swing and conduction current are improved, but the tensile strain has the opposite effect. For the negative capacitance field-effect transistor based on CuInP2S6, its performance is improved when the thickness of the ferroelectric layer is increased or the tensile strain is applied, but the device lags behind under the compressive strain. It is found that the CIPS-based NCFET exhibits better performance than PZT-based NCFET at low gate voltages.[1] Danowitz A, Kelley K, Mao J, Stevenson J P, Horowitz M 2012 Commun. ACM 55 55
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Google Scholar
[8] Lee H, Yoon Y, Shin C 2017 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 38 669
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[9] Peng Y, Han G, Chen Z, Li Q, Zhang J, Hao Y 2018 IEEE J. Electron Device Soc. 6 233
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[10] Jiang C, Liang R, Wang J, Xu J 2015 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 48 365103
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[11] Gaidhane A D, Pahwa G, Verma A, Chauhan Y S 2018 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Electronics (ICEE) Bengaluru, India, December 17–19, 2018 p1
[12] Choi K J, Biegalski M, Li Y L, Sharan A, Schubert J, Uecker R, Reiche P, Chen Y B, Pan X Q, Gopalan V, Chen L Q, Schlom D G, Eom C B 2004 Science 306 1005
Google Scholar
[13] Zhang S R, Zhu M X, Suriyaprakash J, Liu J M, Du T, Wang Y J, Long C B, Liao M 2022 J. Phys. Chem. C 126 4630
Google Scholar
[14] Haeni J, Irvin P, Chang W, Uecker R, Reiche P, Li Y, Choudhury S, Tian W, Hawley M, Craigo B 2004 Nature 430 758
Google Scholar
[15] Schlom D G, Chen L Q, Eom C B, Rabe K M, Streiffer S K, Triscone J M 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 589
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[16] Sun F, Chen D, Gao X, Liu J M 2021 J. Materiomics 7 281
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[17] Pertsev N A, Kukhar V G, Kohlstedt H, Waser R 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 054107
Google Scholar
[18] 林翠, 白刚, 李卫, 高存法 2021 70 187701
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Lin C, Bai G, Li W, Gao C F 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 187701
Google Scholar
[19] Kim M, Seo J, Shin M 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) Austin, TX, USA, September 24–26, 2018 p318
[20] Liu F C, You L, Seyler K L, Li X B, Yu P, Lin J H, Wang X W, Zhou J D, Wang H, He H Y, Pantelides S T, Zhou W, Sharam P, Xu X D, Ajayan P M, Wang J L, Liu Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12357
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[21] Morozovska A N, Eliseev E A, Kalinin S V, Vysochanskii Y M, Maksymovych P 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 054102
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[22] Wu M, Jena P 2018 Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Mol. Sci. 8 e1365
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[23] Synopsys 2010 Sentaurus Device User Guide (Mountain View, CA)
[24] Landau L, Khalatnikov I 1954 Dokl. Akad. Nauk 96 469
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[25] Rabe K M, Dawber M, Lichtensteiger C, Ahn C H, Triscone J M (Rabe K M, et al. Ed. ) 2007 Physics of Ferroelectrics: A Modern Perspective (Berlin: Springer) pp1–30
[26] Pao H C, Sah C T 1966 Solid State Electron. 9 927
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[27] Hoffmann M, Fengler F P G, Herzig M, Mittmann T, Max B, Schroeder U, Negrea R, Pintilie L, Slesazeck S, Mikolajick T 2019 Nature 565 464
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[28] Neumayer S M, Eliseev E A, Susner M A, Tselev A, Rodriguez B J, Brehm J A, Pantelides S T, Panchapakesan G, Jesse S, Kalinin S V, McGuire M A, Morozovska A N, Maksymovych P, Balke N 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 024401
Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) DG-NCFET示意图; (b) 简化的小信号电容模型
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of DG-NCFETs; (b) simplified small-signal capacitance model.
图 2 (a) PZT和(b) CIPS的自由能U作为不同应变下电极化P的函数的双阱图
Fig. 2. Double-well landscape of the free energy U for (a) PZT and (b) CIPS, respectively, as a function of the electric polarization P under different strains.
图 3 (a) PZT和(b) CIPS FE层在不同应变下电压Vfe和极化P之间的关系; (c) PZT和CIPS之间P-Vfe曲线的比较
Fig. 3. Relationship between the voltage Vfe and the polarization P under different strains for (a) PZT and (b) CIPS FE layers, respectively; (c) comparation on P-Vfe curves between PZT and CIPS.
图 4 不同FE层厚度和双轴应变对(a) PZT基NCFETs和(b) CIPS基NCFETs表面电势的影响
Fig. 4. Effects of the FE layer thickness and biaxial strain on the surface potential for (a) PZT based NCFETs and (b) CIPS based NCFETs, respectively.
图 5 在不同FE膜厚度和双轴错配应变下, PZT基NCFET和CIPS基NCFETs的Vgs-Vfe 曲线
Fig. 5. Vgs-Vfe curves for PZT based NCFETs and CIPS based NCFETs under different FE film thicknesses and biaxial misfit strains.
图 6 FE层厚度和双轴应变分别对(a) PZT基NCFETs和(b) CIPS基NCFETs的电压增益G的影响
Fig. 6. Effects of the FE layer thickness and biaxial strain on the voltage gain G for (a) PZT based NCFETs and (b) CIPS based NCFETs, respectively.
图 7 FE层厚度和应变对(a) PZT基NCFETs和(b) CIPS基NCFETs传输特性图的影响
Fig. 7. Effects of the FE layer thickness and strain on the transfer characteristic graph for (a) PZT based NCFETs and (b) CIPS based NCFETs, respectively.
图 8 (a) PZT基NCFETs和(b) CIPS基NCFETs的FE层厚度和双轴错配应变对沟道中心电子密度n0的影响
Fig. 8. Effects of the FE layer thickness and biaxial misfit strain on electron density n0 at the center of the channel for (a) PZT based NCFETs and (b) CIPS based NCFETs, respectively.
图 9 (a) 基于PZT的NCFETs和(b) 基于CIPS的NCFETs的FE层厚度和应变对SS的影响
Fig. 9. Effects of the FE layer thickness and strain on SS for (a) PZT based NCFETs and (b) CIPS based NCFETs, respectively.
图 10 (a) Vgs = 0.6 V和(c) Vgs = 0.8 V时FE层厚度和应变对PZT基NCFET输出特性的影响; (b) Vgs = 0.6 V和(d) Vgs = 0.8 V时FE层厚度和应变对CIPS基的NCFET输出特性的影响
Fig. 10. Effects of the FE layer thickness and strain on output characteristics for PZT based NCFETs at (a) Vgs = 0.6 V and (c) Vgs = 0.8 V; for CIPS based NCFETS at (b) Vgs = 0.6 V and (d) Vgs = 0.8 V.
表 1 PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3[18]和CuInP2S6[21]材料的相关系数(温度T的单位为 K)
Table 1. Paramaters for bulk ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 and CuInP2S6 [18,21].
Coefficient Value PZT a1/(C–2·m2·N) 1.33(T – 665.7)×105 a11/(C–4·m6·N) 4.764×107 a111/(C–4·m6·N) 1.336×108 s11/(C–6·m10·N) 10.5×10–12 s12/(C–6·m10·N) –3.7×10–12 Q12/(m4·C–2) –0.0460 CIPS $ {\alpha }_{T}/$(C–2·mJ·K–1) 1.64067×107 T0/K 292.67 α/(C–4·m5·J) 3.148×1012 γ/(C–6·m9·J) –1.0776×1016 δ/(C–8·m13·J) 7.6318×1018 Q13/(C–2·m4) 1.70136 – 0.00363T Q23/(C–2·m4) 1.13424 – 0.00242T Q33/(C–2·m4) –5.622 + 0.0105T Z133/(C–2·m4) –2059.65 + 0.8T Z233/(C–2·m4) –1211.26 + 0.45T s11/Pa–1 1.510×10–11 s12/Pa–1 0.183×10–11 结构参数 Lg/nm 1000 W/nm 1000 
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[1] Danowitz A, Kelley K, Mao J, Stevenson J P, Horowitz M 2012 Commun. ACM 55 55
Google Scholar
[2] Sakurai T 2004 IEICE Trans. Electron. 87 429
Google Scholar
[3] Salahuddin S, Datta S 2008 Nano Lett. 8 405
Google Scholar
[4] Tu L, Wang X, Wang J, Meng X, Chu J 2018 Adv. Electron. Mater. 4 1800231
Google Scholar
[5] Bacharach J, Ullah M S, Fouad E 2019 IEEE 62nd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) Dallas, TX, USA, August 4–7, 2019 p180
[6] Sakib F I, Mullick F E, Shahnewaz S, Islam S, Hossain M 2020 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 35 025005
Google Scholar
[7] 陈俊东, 韩伟华, 杨冲, 赵晓松, 郭仰岩, 张晓迪, 杨富华 2020 69 137701
Google Scholar
Chen J D, Han W H, Yang C, Zhao X S, Guo Y Y, Zhang X D, Yang F H 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 137701
Google Scholar
[8] Lee H, Yoon Y, Shin C 2017 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 38 669
Google Scholar
[9] Peng Y, Han G, Chen Z, Li Q, Zhang J, Hao Y 2018 IEEE J. Electron Device Soc. 6 233
Google Scholar
[10] Jiang C, Liang R, Wang J, Xu J 2015 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 48 365103
Google Scholar
[11] Gaidhane A D, Pahwa G, Verma A, Chauhan Y S 2018 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Electronics (ICEE) Bengaluru, India, December 17–19, 2018 p1
[12] Choi K J, Biegalski M, Li Y L, Sharan A, Schubert J, Uecker R, Reiche P, Chen Y B, Pan X Q, Gopalan V, Chen L Q, Schlom D G, Eom C B 2004 Science 306 1005
Google Scholar
[13] Zhang S R, Zhu M X, Suriyaprakash J, Liu J M, Du T, Wang Y J, Long C B, Liao M 2022 J. Phys. Chem. C 126 4630
Google Scholar
[14] Haeni J, Irvin P, Chang W, Uecker R, Reiche P, Li Y, Choudhury S, Tian W, Hawley M, Craigo B 2004 Nature 430 758
Google Scholar
[15] Schlom D G, Chen L Q, Eom C B, Rabe K M, Streiffer S K, Triscone J M 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 589
Google Scholar
[16] Sun F, Chen D, Gao X, Liu J M 2021 J. Materiomics 7 281
Google Scholar
[17] Pertsev N A, Kukhar V G, Kohlstedt H, Waser R 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 054107
Google Scholar
[18] 林翠, 白刚, 李卫, 高存法 2021 70 187701
Google Scholar
Lin C, Bai G, Li W, Gao C F 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 187701
Google Scholar
[19] Kim M, Seo J, Shin M 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD) Austin, TX, USA, September 24–26, 2018 p318
[20] Liu F C, You L, Seyler K L, Li X B, Yu P, Lin J H, Wang X W, Zhou J D, Wang H, He H Y, Pantelides S T, Zhou W, Sharam P, Xu X D, Ajayan P M, Wang J L, Liu Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12357
Google Scholar
[21] Morozovska A N, Eliseev E A, Kalinin S V, Vysochanskii Y M, Maksymovych P 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 054102
Google Scholar
[22] Wu M, Jena P 2018 Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Mol. Sci. 8 e1365
Google Scholar
[23] Synopsys 2010 Sentaurus Device User Guide (Mountain View, CA)
[24] Landau L, Khalatnikov I 1954 Dokl. Akad. Nauk 96 469
Google Scholar
[25] Rabe K M, Dawber M, Lichtensteiger C, Ahn C H, Triscone J M (Rabe K M, et al. Ed. ) 2007 Physics of Ferroelectrics: A Modern Perspective (Berlin: Springer) pp1–30
[26] Pao H C, Sah C T 1966 Solid State Electron. 9 927
Google Scholar
[27] Hoffmann M, Fengler F P G, Herzig M, Mittmann T, Max B, Schroeder U, Negrea R, Pintilie L, Slesazeck S, Mikolajick T 2019 Nature 565 464
Google Scholar
[28] Neumayer S M, Eliseev E A, Susner M A, Tselev A, Rodriguez B J, Brehm J A, Pantelides S T, Panchapakesan G, Jesse S, Kalinin S V, McGuire M A, Morozovska A N, Maksymovych P, Balke N 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 024401
Google Scholar
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