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中国物理学会期刊

不同频率的组合振荡场下产生正负电子对

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20221660

Electron-position pair creation under combined oscillation fields with different frequencies

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20221660
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  • 吸收组合低频外场提供的多个不同能量的光子发生跃迁可以在真空中激发正负电子对. 本文探究了在组合振荡场作用下, 不同的外场频率对正负电子对产生的影响, 研究结果表明:与单个振荡场类似, 当双振荡场的频率和约为2.3 m_\rmec^2时, 电子对产量达到极值. 在双振荡场的频率和固定为2.3m_\rmec^2的情况下, 对不同组合频率下正负电子对的产量以及能谱分布进行了研究, 发现当两场频率差较小时, 电子对产量随时间演化会出现显著的“拍”现象. 还发现两个振荡场频率差越小, 电子对的单能性越好; 场频率差越大时, 电子对的产量越高、能谱范围越宽. 通过对跃迁概率分布图的比较和分析, 发现主要原因是频率差较大时能够发生显著跃迁的多光子跃迁形式数量增加, 从而促进正负电子对(尤其是高能端电子对)的产生.

     

    We study the creation of electron-positron pairs in vacuum induced by multi-photon transition process with combined oscillating fields. According to the computational quantum field theory and the split operator technique, we numerically solve the spatiotemporally dependent Dirac equation. The effects of field frequencies on the yields and energy distributions of electron-positron pairs are investigated.First, we show that even for subcritical fields, the goal of generating electron-positron pairs continuously can be achieved by combining two oscillating fields. We also find that when the sum of the field frequencies is close to 2.3c ^ 2 (a.u.), the yield of the created pairs reaches a maximum value. In the case that only one oscillating filed is involved and single photon transition is dominant, the pair creation is also optimal at this frequency. In this way, the sum of the frequencies of the combined fields is fixed at 2.3c^2 in the later simulations. For example, oscillating fields with \omega_1=1.1c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.2c^2; \omega_1=1.0c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.3c^2; \omega_1=0.8c^2, \omega_2= 1.5c^2 ; \omega_1=0.5c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.8c^2; and \omega_1=0.4c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.9c^2 are applied to the following study.The time evolutions of the yield of the electron-positron pairs under different frequency combinations are investigated. It is found that when the frequencies of the two fields are close to each other, the growth rate \rmdN/\rmdt presents an obvious periodic variation, showing a “beat” - like structure. The “beat” - like structure is found to be synchronized with the synthesized electric field. Meanwhile, the long-term growth rate \rmdN/\rmdt of the pairs increases significantly when the field frequency difference becomes larger.The energy distributions of the electron-positron pairs created at different frequency combinations are studied. It is found that when the frequency difference is small (eg, \omega_1=1.0c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.3c^2), the energy distribution of the particles shows a quasi-monoenergetic feature, with most of the particles distributed around 1.1c^2-1.2c^2 . For a large frequency difference (eg, \omega_1=0.5c^2,\; \omega_2= 1.8c^2), the total yield of the pairs greatly increases. Meanwhile, the energy range of the particles is broadened significantly with the generation of more energetic particles.By analyzing and comparing the probability distributions of transitions between the negative energy and the positive energy, we find that the main reason for the spectrum-broadening and the yield-increasing is the enhancement of the multi-photon transition process. Beside the two-photon transition ( \omega_1+\omega_2 ), which is of high probability in all the cases, the higher-order photon transitions (2\omega_1+\omega_2,\;3\omega_1+\omega_2,\;4\omega_1+\omega_2) will arise with probability in the same order as the two-photon transition. These multi-photon transitions enhance the creation of the electron-positron pairs, especially the high-energy pairs. The second reason is that for a narrow field width ( W=2/c ), the conservation of the momentum breaks down, the generation of electron-positron pairs corresponding to the asymmetric transitions becomes important, which further enhances the pair production and broadens the energy distribution.For a wide field width ( W=5/c ), the probability of high-order photon transitions and the asymmetric transitions are suppressed compared with the case of narrow field width ( W=2/c ). However, the frequencies of the combined fields still have important influence on the pair productions and energy distributions.

     

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