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中国物理学会期刊

尺寸效应对微通道内固液界面温度边界的影响

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.68.20181876

Size effect on boundary condition at solid-liquid interface in microchannel

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.68.20181876
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  • 采用非平衡分子动力学方法模拟不同浸润性微通道内液体的传热过程, 分析了尺寸效应对固液界面热阻及温度阶跃的影响. 研究结果表明, 界面热阻随微通道尺寸的变化可分为两个阶段, 即小尺寸微通道的单调递增阶段和大尺寸微通道的恒定值阶段. 随着微通道尺寸的增加, 近壁区液体原子受对侧固体原子的约束程度降低, 微通道中央的液体原子自由移动, 固液原子振动态密度近似不变, 使得尺寸效应的影响忽略不计. 上述两种阶段的微通道尺寸过渡阈值受固液作用强度与壁面温度的共同作用: 减弱壁面浸润性, 过渡阈值向大尺寸区域迁移; 相较于低温壁面, 高温壁面处的过渡阈值更大. 增加微通道尺寸, 固液界面温度阶跃呈单调递减趋势, 致使壁面温度边界和宏观尺度下逐渐符合. 探讨尺寸效应有助于深刻理解固液界面能量输运及传递机制.

     

    The heat transfer in microchannel has attracted considerable attention due to many important applications in biology, chemistry, physics and engineering. When the fluid size shrinks to nanoscale, the energy transport of micro-system is significantly different from the conventional case. It is of great significance to study the size effect on heat transfer in a micro-system. However, there is a large size gap between existing molecular dynamics simulation and experimental measurement, in which the size effect on solid-liquid interfacial thermal resistance is rarely involved. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is performed to investigate the heat transfer through the solid-liquid interface. Simple Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid is simulated as the ultra-thin liquid film in a non-equilibrium simulation system. The liquid film is confined in a nanochannel composed of two solid surfaces. The potential function between solid and liquid atom is represented by a modified LJ function to control the solid-liquid interfaces of different surface wettabilities. We examine the size effect on temperature jump and thermal resistance at the solid-liquid interface. The fluid number density and temperature distribution in the perpendicular direction of solid wall are evaluated. It is found that the liquid atoms near wall are arranged as a solid-like structure. Particularly in the small channel, liquid atoms confined in the channel are affected by two solid walls. However, with the increase of channel height, the liquid atoms in the middle channel move freely, leading to the decrease of the size effect. The simulation results show that the dependence of thermal resistance on microchannel height exhibits two regimes: (i) monotonically increasing dependence for the small channel and (ii) keeping constant thermal resistance for the large channel. These two distinct trends can be explained by phonon vibrational density of states (VDOS) of solid wall and liquid. For the small channel, a stronger confinement of liquid leads to a weaker mismatch in VDOS of solid wall and liquid, thus resulting in a smaller thermal resistance. Whereas, for the large channel, the vibrational coupling between the solid and the liquid atom remains unchanged and the size effect is negligible. The size thresholds of the two regimes of the thermal resistance are both sensitive to the liquid-solid interaction strength, which decreases with solid-liquid interaction increasing. Furthermore, with the increase of the microchannel height, the temperature jump at the solid-liquid interface monotonically decreases and eventually approaches to the non-jump temperature boundary on a macroscopic scale. These findings may help to understand the mechanism of temperature boundary conditions on a microscopic scale and a macroscopic scale and provide a theoretical support for manufacturing new nano-devices.

     

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