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中国物理学会期刊

脉冲星时与原子频率基准结合的时间标准

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20251505

Time standard combined by pulsar time with atomic frequency standard

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20251505
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  • 利用国际脉冲星计时阵(IPTA)第2次释放的版本A中62颗脉冲星计时资料构建了综合脉冲星时EPT62. EPT62的构建充分考虑了每颗星的计时噪声, 采用包括Cholesky变换的加权广义最小二乘算法, 提取出国际原子时TAI的误差信号EPT62-TAI. 国际权度局(BIPM)实时发布原子频率基准与TAI的频率差数据, 为时间标准的构建提供定义国际单位制SI秒的频率基准. 采用结合平滑滤波器能够将EPT62-TAI跟原子频率基准与TAI的频率差结合起来, 从而得到脉冲星时与原子频率基准结合的时间标准CPA. 描述了CPA构建过程, 详细比较了CPA与BIPM构建的地球时的性能. CPA具有综合脉冲星时的长期频率稳定度, 又有原子频率基准的准确度, 因此也可用作地球时. 最后, 简洁地给出问题讨论与结论.

     

    A new time-scale EPT62 is constructed based on the observations of 62 millisecond pulsars in the Version A of the second data release from the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). Timing noise is analyzed carefully for each pulsar, and then a weighted generalized least square algorithm is performed via Cholesly transformation to extract clock error of the referenced international atomic time-scale (TAI). The EPT62 spans 29 years, and the clock difference EPT62-TAI is shown in the figure. The clock difference between terrestrial time TT(BIPM2015) and TAI is also shown in this figure. EPT62-TAI and TT(BIPM2015)-TAI show generally similar trends except early few data points. Because available observational data are much sparse before MJD 50215, the corresponding EPT62-TAI data points in this period have lager errorbar. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) published real-time frequency difference data between primary and secondary frequency standards (psfs) and TAI to provide frequency standards that define the SI second for constructing time-scale. The combined smoothing filter is employed to combine the clock difference EPT62-TAI and the frequency difference between frequency standards and TAI. Then pulsar time and atomic frequency standards combined time-scale (CPA) is derived through a combined smoothing filter. The clock difference CPA-TAI is shown by a black curve in the figure. The frequency difference curves of psfs-TAI clock difference before and after combined smoothing is presented. The constructing process of the CPA is described. The property of the CPA is compared in detail with terrestrial time TT(BIPMxxxx). The CPA combines the long term frequency stability of the EPT62 with the accuracy of the atomic frequency standards. In general, the property of the CPA is compatible to that of the TT(BIPMxxxx). The comparison of fractional frequecy stability \boldsymbol\sigma _z curves for EPT62-TAI, CPA-TAI and TT(BIPM2015)-TAI is shown in this study. The CPA can also be used as terrestrial time TT(BIPMxxxx). Terrestrial time TT(BIPMxxxx) becomes available one year later, whereas CPT may be computed and maintained in “real-time” in the future. Finally, a brief discussion and some conclusions are given.

     

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