For the near-memory computing architecture AI chip manufactured by using 16 nm FinFET technology, atmospheric neutron single event effect irradiation tests are conducted for the first time in China by using the atmospheric neutron irradiation spectrometer (ANIS) at the China Spallation Neutron Source. During the irradiation, the YOLOV5 algorithm neural network running on the AI chip is used for real-time detection of target objects, including mice, keyboard, and luggage. The purpose of the test is to investigate the new single event effect that may occur on near-memory computing architecture AI chip. Finally, at an accumulated neutron fluence of 1.51×10¹⁰ n·cm^–2 (above 1 MeV), a total of 35 soft errors are detected in 5 categories. Particularly noteworthy is the observation of a new finding, where both computing and memory units experience single event effects simultaneously, which is different from the traditional von Neumann architecture chips. Based on the single event effects that occur simultaneously in these two units, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, a preliminary estimation is made of the physical layout distance between the computing unit and the memory unit on the chip. Furthermore, suggestions are proposed to simultaneously reduce the risk of single event effect in multi cells. This study provides valuable reference and insights for further exploring the single event effects in non-traditional von Neumann architecture chips.