One-dimensional (1D) graphene superlattices were formed on a prototypical high index surface-Cu(410)-O. Atomic hydrogen adsorption on the superlattice was studied by using Raman spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Selective H adsorption due to the 1D modulation from the Cu substrate was observed in defect-free graphene area. Most H adatoms occupy the same positions in the 1D graphene superlattice stripes, as revealed by STM. This opens the possibility for further graphene property tuning through 1D superlattices. In addition to H monomers and dimers, a new type of trimer configuration was also observed.