For Mo doped with the transition metals W, Ti, Cu and Fe with the molar percentages of 2.08% and 4.17%, the generalized-stacking-fault energies and the cleavage energies along the direction 111 in (110) plane are calculated by the first principles method based on the density functional theory, and the shear information and the brittle-ductile influences of the transition metals on the Mo material are investigated. It is found that doping W and Ti atoms can make the shear deformation difficult to happen and the brittleness of Mo enhanced, however, doping Cu and Fe atoms can make the shear deformation easy to happen and the ductility of Mo enhanced. Moreover, with the increase of doping concentration, the influences of W and Fe atoms are more obvious. Doping W atoms can make the shear deformation more difficult to happen and the brittleness of Mo stronger. Doping Fe atoms can make the shear deformation easier to happen and the ductility of Mo stronger.