This article reviews the methods of studying the nuclear structure by means of the nuclear reaction as a tool for investigation. It is divided into two parts. The first part is mainly concerned with the properties of the individual low-lying levels of nuclei, a brief outline being given to describe the present situation of cumulation of experimental results and the current theories developed to account for them. The second part reviews the experimental methods tried for studying the virtual states of nuclei. In both parts, typical types of nuclear reactions used in these investigations are described.
This article reviews the methods of studying the nuclear structure by means of the nuclear reaction as a tool for investigation. It is divided into two parts. The first part is mainly concerned with the properties of the individual low-lying levels of nuclei, a brief outline being given to describe the present situation of cumulation of experimental results and the current theories developed to account for them. The second part reviews the experimental methods tried for studying the virtual states of nuclei. In both parts, typical types of nuclear reactions used in these investigations are described.
By using the Tamm-Dancoff approximation, the K+-N elastic scattering problems are solved. We have calculated phase shifts and cross section at five energies below 400 Mev. The numerical results are compared with experiments and previous works. In calculation, the nucleon recoil effects are considered, which may give better energy dependence of K+-p scattering above 250-300 Mev. The different possibilities of K-Y relative parities have also been considered. Our results favour odd parity but the opposite parities of ∧ and ∑ particles also fit the K+-p scattering data. However, the two cases are not in agreement with the experiment in analyzing the K+-n scattering.
By using the Tamm-Dancoff approximation, the K+-N elastic scattering problems are solved. We have calculated phase shifts and cross section at five energies below 400 Mev. The numerical results are compared with experiments and previous works. In calculation, the nucleon recoil effects are considered, which may give better energy dependence of K+-p scattering above 250-300 Mev. The different possibilities of K-Y relative parities have also been considered. Our results favour odd parity but the opposite parities of ∧ and ∑ particles also fit the K+-p scattering data. However, the two cases are not in agreement with the experiment in analyzing the K+-n scattering.
The much discussed and controversial problem of ultrasonic absorption in ethyl and methyl acetates has been further investigated experimentally by the method of optical diffraction in progressive ultrasonic waves. In designing the equipment and throughout the measurement, special cares have been taken for the plane progressive nature of the ultrasonic field in the liquid trough, the elimination of stray light effect so that the receiver (a photomultiplier with preamplifier and a frequency analyzer connected in series) could respond with precision the relative light intensity of the first diffracted maxima at different stations along the ultrasonic beam, etc. Automatic recordings of sound absorption coefficients were made possible by the sound level recorder synchronized with the motion of the liquid trough. Several standard liquids have been tested; the absorption coefficients thus obtained agree well with commonly accepted values. For both acetates, measurements were made in the frequency range of 3-30 Mc. at 20℃ For ethyl acetate the results showed that within the experimental error (which was estimated to be about 5%) the observed absorption curve fits well the theoretical one predicted by the phenomenological relaxation theory and the frequency of relaxation occurs at approximately 12 Mc. Repetitious measurements also showed the lack of dependence of impurities on the relaxation frequency.The relaxation frequency for methyl acetate was found to be about 7 Mc. This once more confirms the theory and thus supports the findings of those who argued that a lower relaxation frequency found by some other investigators was spurious.For the relaxational mechanism, the authors agree to that due to rotational isomerism-first proposed by Karpovich.
The much discussed and controversial problem of ultrasonic absorption in ethyl and methyl acetates has been further investigated experimentally by the method of optical diffraction in progressive ultrasonic waves. In designing the equipment and throughout the measurement, special cares have been taken for the plane progressive nature of the ultrasonic field in the liquid trough, the elimination of stray light effect so that the receiver (a photomultiplier with preamplifier and a frequency analyzer connected in series) could respond with precision the relative light intensity of the first diffracted maxima at different stations along the ultrasonic beam, etc. Automatic recordings of sound absorption coefficients were made possible by the sound level recorder synchronized with the motion of the liquid trough. Several standard liquids have been tested; the absorption coefficients thus obtained agree well with commonly accepted values. For both acetates, measurements were made in the frequency range of 3-30 Mc. at 20℃ For ethyl acetate the results showed that within the experimental error (which was estimated to be about 5%) the observed absorption curve fits well the theoretical one predicted by the phenomenological relaxation theory and the frequency of relaxation occurs at approximately 12 Mc. Repetitious measurements also showed the lack of dependence of impurities on the relaxation frequency.The relaxation frequency for methyl acetate was found to be about 7 Mc. This once more confirms the theory and thus supports the findings of those who argued that a lower relaxation frequency found by some other investigators was spurious.For the relaxational mechanism, the authors agree to that due to rotational isomerism-first proposed by Karpovich.
In this article a dynamical theory of the heat transport process is developed. The concept of temperature difference between subsystems is introduced through the temperatures when they are disconnected and each of them is in equilibrium; we then treat the interaction between two subsystems as a perturbation. The rigorous expression of the coefficient of heat conductivity is obtained. For a large and uniform system, it is reduced to Kubo's formula.
In this article a dynamical theory of the heat transport process is developed. The concept of temperature difference between subsystems is introduced through the temperatures when they are disconnected and each of them is in equilibrium; we then treat the interaction between two subsystems as a perturbation. The rigorous expression of the coefficient of heat conductivity is obtained. For a large and uniform system, it is reduced to Kubo's formula.